【作者】 王丽玲；

【导师】 郭军战；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 林木遗传育种， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 树莓、黑莓为蔷薇科(Rosaceae)悬钩子属（Rubus）的一类浆果类经济果树植物, 其聚合果营养成分丰富，尤其是VE和SOD（过氧化物歧化酶）含量为水果之最，被称为“第三代果树”。本试验的材料为从美国和我国沈阳引种的树莓和黑莓六个品种，引种驯化结果表明图拉名、威廉姆特、俄国红、百胜和黑巴提在杨凌地区适于发展，引种成功。同时通过对引进品种采用组培快繁研究技术，建立树莓、黑莓的再生系统，探讨出一套成本低、效率高的工厂化育苗技术，能够快速大量地向市场提供种质优良的树莓、黑莓苗木。本论文主要结果如下：（1）树莓和黑莓品种T、W、E、B和H在杨凌地区均表现了良好的生态及生物学特性，适宜在西北相似生态条件地区推广栽培。（2）树莓和黑莓品种结果期较长，成熟即要采摘，采摘后应立即冷藏或者进行深加工。（3）秀美特一年生枝结果，且结果早，结果期长，但在结果期有枝条枯萎的现象，这与该品种不耐酷暑有关，其适宜栽培地区向北推移。（4）3月是一年内最佳的采集外植体的时期，在此阶段，对外植体进行培养时，污染率最低。（5）在三种BA和NAA不同浓度组合的培养基中，Ⅱ号（BA1.0+NAA0.1）芽诱导效果最好，比较适宜树莓和黑莓六个品种的要求。（6）MS培养基为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的细胞分裂素（BA、KT），生长素（NAA）进行芽增殖诱导的培养。试验结果表明：MS+KT2.0+NAA0.2作为继代培养基，芽增殖效果最好。（7）树莓、黑莓各品种，随继代次数的增多，芽增殖系数提高，当继代五次时芽分化系数最高，五代以后分化系数增加不明显或者不增加。（8）在增殖继代接种时选择丛芽（3～5个）接种方式，芽增殖效果明显。（9）在MS培养基中添加2.0mg/l的GA3，可以使丛生芽伸长加粗生长，进行有效的复壮培养。（10）以1/2MS为基本培养基，添加NAA0.1mg/l时树莓、黑莓各个品种均达到了最高的生根率、根数及根长。在六个品种中进行比较，W最易生根，X生根率最低，生根较困难。（11）瓶苗移栽时，首先要经过5～6天的炼苗期，随后转入平均温度20℃，平均湿度70%的温室中移栽，混合土移栽成活率最高。（12）该组培快繁技术已获国家发明专利授权，专利号2000KG-B08。更多还原

【Abstract】 Raspberry and Blackberry are a kind of bacca plants, belonging to Rubus of Rosaceae, and it is an important industrial tree for its fruit. It has a good ecological adaptability and abundant nutrition in the fruit i.e. the contents of VE and SOD are the highest of all fruits. So Raspberry and Blackberry are called the third generation fruit trees. Six species of Raspberry and Blackberry from America and Shenyang of China was as the materials for the experiment. The result of introduction and domestication of Raspberry and Blackberry indicates that Tulameen, Willamette, Russia red, Black buttee and Boysen are all adapt to the Yangling region and get a success. Then set up a regeneration system of Raspberry and Blackberry by using the technology of tissue culture, and find a successful propagation system for factory production. So the plants will be taken into the market greatly and rapidly. The main results show that:(1) Tulameen,Willamette,Russia red,Boysen and Black buttee have the better ecology and biology characters, and adapt to cultivate in the region where the ecology condition just like Yangling in north west of China.(2) The time of fruit mature of Raspberry and Blackberry is longer, pick the fruit as soon as maturate and cold storage or machining on time.(3) The tresses of Summit can have fruit in the first year, and its excellences are earlier fruit and fruit long growth time. But in the fruit time there is a phenomenon that some tresses wilt in fruit time, because it can not resist the high temperature in summer, so its proper growth region should be extended to the north.(4) In March, the axillary buds cultivated from tresses in lab as explants, the pollution rate is lowest; but the stem with bud as explants, the pollution is the highest in October.(5)The inducing rate of buds is the highest on the No.Ⅱmedium (MS+BA1.0+NAA0.1) of three different combinations of concentration of BA and NAA, and this combination can satisfied all species of Raspberry and Blackberry.(6) On MS medium supplied different concentration of BA、KT and NAA to induce multiplacation of buds. The results showed that ：on MS medium supplied KT2.0mg/l and NAA0.2mg/l for subculture, the multiplacation effect is a best one.(7) The more of subculture time, the higher of coefficient of multipalcation.the coefficient increased rapidly in five generation, then the coefficient not increased more like <WP=10>before or decreased after five generation.(8) In subculture, choosing shoots to inoculate on the medium, which make the effect of multipalcation is evident.(9) On MS medium supplied GA3 2.0mg/l, GA3 can promote growth of shoots, and make an effective rejuvenation cultivation.(10) The rooting rate、the No. Of rooting and the rooting length of all kinds of species are the highest in 1/2MS+NAA0.1mg/l. W is easy to root. The rooting rate of X is lowest and it is difficult to root.(11) The rooting shoots must be trained for 5～6 days in lab before transplanting and then transferred into mixed media with 20℃average temperature and 70% humidity in the greenhouse. The survival ratio is the highest in the mixed media.(12)The tissue culture propagation technology of Raspberry and Blackberry had got the patent.No.2000KG-B08更多还原