【作者】 张丽娟；

【导师】 耿社民； 陈宏；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究利用10个微卫星标记对上海新杨家禽育种中心2002年引进的国外高产W-98白壳蛋鸡配套系祖代鸡的四个品系（A、B、C、D）进行分析，通过计算遗传杂合度、有效等位基因数、多态信息含量及Nei氏DA遗传距离，并采用非加权类平均法进行聚类，估计了品系内和品系间的遗传变异，结果如下：1.本研究所选10个微卫星座位，除MCW0154座位表现为单态外，0.25<PIC<0.5的座位有3个占30％，PIC>.5的座位有6个，占60％，在9个多态座位中，HUJ0012座位的多态信息含量最高（0.7367）,LEI0031座位的多态信息含量最低（0.2665）。在9个多态性微卫星座位上共检测出81个等位基因，其中HUJ0012座位最多（17个），LEI0031最少座位（2个）。2.经Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验，W－98白壳蛋鸡配套系祖代鸡的四个品系在10个微卫星座位上均处于平衡状态。3.W－98白壳蛋鸡四个品系的平均座位杂合度在0.4778～0.6634之间，D系最高（0.6634），B系次之（0.5963）,A系最低（0.4778）；通过计算有效等位基因数发现 D系(3.8214)>B系(3.3515)>C系(2.4866)>A系(2.4830),在整个群体中，母系群体具有丰富的遗传多样性，父系的群体一致度较高。4.在LEI0252座位上，A系的等位基因片段大小在270 bp-290 bp之间， B系的等位基因片段大小在251 bp-265 bp之间， C、D系的等位基因片段大小在195 bp-235 bp 之间，在此座位上，可以将A系与B系、A系与C和D系、B系与C系和D系完全分开；270 bp 和290 bp 可作为A系区别于其它3系的特征性条带，251 bp和265 bp可作为B系区别于其它3系的特征性条带。因此LEI0252座位可以作为理想的品系鉴定座位。5.利用聚类分析软件Ver1.2计算Nei氏DA遗传距离并绘制UPGMA聚类图，发现A、C系的遗传距离最大（0.6145）,C、D系的遗传距离最小（0.2850）。UPGMA聚类结果将四个品系分为2类：C、D为第一类，A、B为第二类。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, 10 microsatellite markers were used to analyze four lines (A, B, C and D) of W-98 white egg-type chicken GP imported by Shanghai Xinyang poultry breeding center in 2002.The genetic heterozygosity, polymorphism information content (PIC), effective allele number, DA genetic distance among lines were calculated and dendrogram was constructed to evaluate the genetic variability within line and genetic relations among lines. The results were as followings:1. 6 of 10 microsatellite loci were higher diversity (PIC>0.5) except that MCW0154 locus was single in the four lines of W-98 white egg-type chicken GP, and 3 microsatellite loci were medium (0.25<PIC<0.5). The PIC value of HUJ0012 locus was the highest (0.7367) and the LEI0031 locus was the lowest (0.2665). 81 alleles were found from the 9 diversity loci. HUJ0012 locus had great number (17 alleles), and the LEI0031 was the fewest (2 alleles) among the 9 diversity loci.2. Four lines of W-98 white egg-type chicken GP were in genetic equilibrium at the 10-microsatellite loci by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test. 3. The mean locus heterozygosities were from 0.4778 to 0.6634, the mean locus heterozygosisty of D line was highest (0.6634), the B line was second (0.5963) and the A line was the lowest (0.4778). The order of effective numbers of alleles was D line (3.8214) > B line (3.3515) > C line (2.4866) > A line (2.4830). In whole population, the matrilineal genetic diversity was abundant, and the patrilineal population consistency was higher.4. At the LEI0252 locus, the allele size of A line was from 270 bp to 290 bp, the allele size of B line was from 251 bp to 265 bp, the allele size of C and D lines was from 195 bp to 235 bp.LEI0252 locus could distinguish A line from B line, A line from C and D lines, and B line from C and D lines. 270 bp and 290 bp could be seen as the characteristic bands of A line, 251 bp and 265 bp as the characteristic bands of B lines at this locus. Therefore, the LEI0252 <WP=7>locus could be considered as the fine locus for line identification.5. It was found that the genetic distance of A and C lines was the biggest (0.6145), C and D lines was the minimum (0.2850) by calculated the DA genetic distance with the cluster software (Ver 1.2). The four lines were divided into 2 clusters by UPGMA, C and D lines were the first cluster, and A and B lines were the second cluster.更多还原