【作者】 张帆；

【导师】 杨正礼；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 生态学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 我国红壤丘陵区水热资源充沛，植物生长快，产量高，历来是农业生产的重要基地。然而，目前该区水土流失严重，红壤土壤养分贫瘠化，土地资源利用不合理，农业生产结构单一，已成为实现红壤丘陵区农业可持续发展的制约因素。牧草具有防治水土流失、改善土壤肥力和促进结构调整等作用，将其纳入红壤丘陵区的农业生产中，以牧草为纽带，通过种草养畜，把农、牧、林有机结合起来，兼顾生态效益、经济效益、社会效益以促进区域农业的可持续发展。本论文在结合前人研究的基础上，针对红壤丘陵区农业发展中所面临的问题，对牧草具有的生态效益做进一步分析研究，并根据该区草地资源的特点，提出了牧草的利用模式；分析了种植牧草的经济效益；归纳总结了牧草的栽培技术。主要结论如下：（1）种植牧草能有效减少地表径流和土壤侵蚀从而防治水土流失；种植牧草降低地表温度，提高土壤耕层含水量从而调节土壤水热状况,实验结果表明，在高温干旱期，种植牧草的土壤水分含量平均提高了5.3%，地表温度降低了9.98℃（08-09观测值）；种植牧草（豆科牧草罗顿豆或圆叶决明）可改良土壤、培肥地力，其中土壤有机质提高19.5%并且表现差异显著；种植牧草影响土壤腐殖质组成，降低土壤铝毒作用。（2）热带牧草的供青时间长、生物产量高，营养价值好、适口性好，耐瘠薄、耐酸抗逆性强，利用前景广，具有良好的农艺经济效益。种牧草可发展草食动物，促进红壤丘陵区畜牧业和养殖业的发展，可产生显著的经济效益。例如罗顿豆、扁穗牛鞭草、马唐等暖季型品种生长期长，最高可达340天以上。这些牧草的适口性也较好，营养价值也较高，越冬率可达100%，而且很适合于酸性土壤生长，是南方红壤丘陵区最理想的牧草品种。（3）红壤丘陵区牧草的利用模式为：丘陵天然草场和荒山的生态恢复利用模式；果园种草（林草结合）利用模式；冬闲田种草利用模式；观光农业利用模式；牧草调制干草和加工草粉利用模式。可以根据草地资源特点、农业发展状况予以选择。（4）牧草对不同成壤母质生态适应性试验研究表明：母质对牧草生长具有一定影响。但在各种成土母质的红壤上，只要采取科学合理的施肥与管理措施，均可进行牧草栽培与生产。考虑红壤丘陵区的气候特点和土壤特性，再根据各牧草品种的生物学特性来选择适宜的建植技术，包括播期、播量和播种方法等。例如得出暖季型牧草品种在三月底四月初播种最好，冷季型牧草品种在十至十一月播种为宜；根据红壤粘重的特点，提出牧草应条播；红壤土壤养分贫瘠，对牧草要进行合理的施肥管理，重施磷肥，对人工草地的基肥适宜用量为每公顷30公斤氮，40公斤磷和50公斤钾。但罗顿豆和圆叶决明，本身可以固氮，只需在播种前施少量氮肥。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rain and heat resources are rich in red soil hill regions, where plants grow quickly and yield high, it always is important agriculture base in China. However, the soil erosion in this region is very serious, the red soil quality is not high because of nutrients leached, land resource use unreasonably and agriculture structure is single, they become restrict factors of the realization of agriculture sustainable development. Forage can prevent and cure soil erosion , improve soil fertility. According to the characteristics, planting forage and developing livestock husbandry, this can band farming, herd, forestry together, give attention to ecology benefit ,economy benefit, society benefit and promote agriculture sustainable development .On the basis of the predecessor′s research, and considering the problems of agriculture development of red hilly region, the study more analyze and study the ecology function of forage; bring forward the utilization mode of forage by characteristics of grassland resource; analyze economy benefit of planting forage; sum up forage planting technology.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:（1）Planting forage can reduce significantly runoff and soil loss；decrease soil surface temperature, enhance soil water content,The result showed that in hot period,planting forage could enhance soil water content 5.3%,soil suface temperature decrease 9.98℃(08-09 observation); planting forage(Lotononis bainesii or Chamaecrista rotundifolia) can improve soil fertility,soil organic matter increase 19.5% and show significant difference; planting forage affect soil humus, reduce the function of soil aluminum poison.（2）Green growth time of tropical forage is long, biology yield is high, nutrition merit is good, be able to endure barren and acid, have widely utilization foreground, possess nice agriculture economy benefit. Planting forage can promote livestock husbandry development, produce significant economy benefit.（3）The forage utilization mode in red hilly region: The utilization mode of the ecology improvement of nature grass field and barren hill ; The utilization mode of planting forage in orchard; The utilization mode of planting forage in unused farmland in winter; The utilization mode of sightseeing agriculture; The utilization mode of hay and grass power.（4）Rational fertilization of sown pasture and forage planting technology including sowing time, sowing rates, sowing methods in red hilly region were summarized. Forage’growth condition is different in different soil type,forage can be plant in red hilly region.更多还原