【作者】 李雅素；

【导师】 全志杰；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 森林经理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 以“数字地球”　和“数字城市”的理论为指导，对构建数字杨凌的总体框架、内容、理论方法及实现的关键技术进行了探讨，提出了构建数字杨凌—空间基础信息系统基础数据库内容及功能模块；首次以 ＧＰＳ、全站仪（Ｔｏｔａｌ　Ｓｔａｔｉｏｎ）等现代化测绘仪器为辅助手段，以 ＭａｐＧＩＳ 和 Ｍａｐ２００２ 为操作平台，初步建立了杨凌空间基础信息系统；同时对农科城的土地利用景观动态、园林绿地现状、道路交通状况进行了研究分析。主要研究结果如下：　一、初步构建了杨凌空间基础信息系统　建立了 １９９６ 到 ２００２ 杨凌李台乡土地利用景观动态信息系统，设计了土地利用景观地块空间数据库、道路网空间数据库、行政界线空间数据库、地形数据库及相应的属性库、地图库；建立了西北农林科技大学南校区园林绿地信息系统，设计了园林绿地地块空间数据库、林荫树行道树空间数据库、散生树空间数据库及相应的属性数据库和地图库；建立了杨凌道路公交信息系统，设计了杨凌道路空间数据库、地形数据库、行车路线数据库、站点站名空间数据库及相应的属性数据库、地图库。各系统均具有数据更新、双向查询、空间分析、统计分析、制图输出等功能。也具有开窗放大缩小、分层显示、图文一体等功能。　二、分析研究了杨凌李台乡土地利用景观动态变化、杨凌园林绿地景观生态现状以及杨凌城区道路公交状况，主要得出以下几点结论：１．土地利用景观格局动态研究表明，６ 年间杨凌李台乡土地利用景观格局动态发生了较大的变化，农耕地大幅度减少，景观多样性指数、均匀性、破碎度、优势度均有所增加。研究分析结果显示，从 １９９６ 到 ２００２ 年，农耕地大幅度减少，总面积减少了３０．８４５８ 公顷，占总面积的 １７％，平均每年以 ２．８％的速率递减。其它地类除农村居民地和陵墓地外，都有不同程度的增加。其中最为明显的是企业用地和道路用地。企业用地面积增加了 １６．２７０７ 公顷，占总面积的 ９．０２％；道路用地面积增加了 ６．５２８ 公顷，占总面积的 ３．６２％。　在仅仅的 ６ 年时间里，景观破碎化程度增加，除农村居民地和陵墓地外，其它各类斑块的数目增加，平均面积减少。分维数分析结果表明，两期分维数基本保持不变，均在 １．０２～１．４４ 之间，这表明地块形状简单，呈一定的几何形状。此外，景观的多样性、破碎度，优势度增大。从 １９９６ 到 ２００２ 年间，景观的多样性指数、均匀性、破碎度、优势度均有所增加，说明土地利用景观类型向着多样性、均匀化、破碎化度高的方向发展。　<WP=5>2．杨凌绿地现状研究分析表明，杨凌城市园林绿地建设有一定的成效，但还存在较大差距。 利用 MapGIS 软件的统计分析功能对我国西部绿色硅谷—杨凌农科城的园林绿地进行了分析与评价。结果表明，杨凌城区园林绿地面积 １４２ｈｍ２，绿化覆盖率为２７．７％　，略大于全国平均水平（２５．５３％），但小于全国 １２　个园林城市平均水平（３６．０７）％。人均占有绿地面积 ２１．１ｍ２，但大都属于机关附属绿地，而公共绿地面积仍然很小。从功能类型上来看，除了城区边缘苗圃、花圃和果园等生产绿地之外（面积 ３８．８８ｈｍ２，占 ２７．３８％），　园林绿化还是以道路林为主（面积 ２３．０２ｈｍ２，占 １６．２１％），其次为办公区绿地、住宅区绿地、游玩绿地和观赏绿地，而分车绿地和防护绿地占极少部分；从配置类型上来看，全区以间树草坪类型所占面积最大，为 ６４．５１ｈｍ２，占绿地面积 ４５．４３％。此外，校区绿化又以林荫树为主，非校区除了苗圃和果园之外以行道树为主。从整体结构配置上来看，建设公共绿地、风景林地、树木园和植物园以及城郊生态绿地是杨凌未来向园林城市发展的方向。　 3．城区交通状况明显改观　 自从 1997 年杨凌示范区成立以来，杨凌城区交通状况大有改观，经分析表明，道路数量从 1996 年的 13 条增加到 29 条。新建、改建后道路长度 27.813 公里，占地面积 82.0996 公顷。由此可见，自 1997 年示范区成立以来，杨凌加大了基础设施力度，为杨凌今后的发展奠定了坚实的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the theory of digital city and digital earth, the total frame, contents,method and key technique to construct digital Yangling have been discussed and thedatabase models of spatial basic information system have been supposed. Assisted by modern survey instruments of GPS and Total Station, mapGIS-basedspatial basic information system of Yangling has been constructed under the support ofMap2002. On this basis, development trend of landscape and gardening green land andtraffic roads status of Yangling have been analyzed. The main results of this study areshown as following: 1. Preliminary spatial basic information systems including landscape informationsystem, gardening information system and traffic ways information system of Yanglinghave been constructed in this paper. Firstly, through constructing land use and landscapeinformation systems of Litai village of Yangling in 1996 and 2002 respectively, spatialdatabase of landuse, traffic road web, district boundary, topography and other relevantproperty and map database have been designed. Secondly, through constructing gardeninggreen land information system of south campus of northwest sci-tech university ofagriculture and forestry, spatial database of gardening green land, boulevard, roadside trees,free growing trees and relevant property and map database have been designed. Thirdly,through constructing traffic road information system of Yangling, spatial database of roads,topography, traffic ways, station and relevant property have been designed. All thesubsystems have functions of data adopting/updating, information inquiring, spatialanalysis and monographic maps outputting etc. They have also functions of enlarge/reduce,storied display, map/document integration and so on. 2. Development and Status of Land use of Litai village, gardening green land andurbantrafficinYangling have been analyzed. Main results include: (1) MapGIS-based analysis on the landscape development acquaints us with theamount, distribution and utilization of land in Litai village of Yangling. It shows thatcropland had a great decrement during the period 1996～2002, which amounted to30.8458 hm2 and took a percentage of 17% of the total land and decreasing rate of 2.8%annually. Other land types except for rural inhabited land had increased in area differently,in particular of enterprises/factories and traffic ways occupied lands. According to theanalysis, enterprises/factories occupied land had increased 16.2707 hm2, which took 9.02%of the total land. Traffic ways occupied land had increased 6.526 hm2 , 3.62% of the total<WP=7>land. Whereas, rural inhabited land had decreased during this period, which was mainlydue to the decrement of mausoleums occupied land. In addition, the degree of landscapefragmentation was increased during this period of 6 years. Except for rural inhabited land,other land types had increased in amount of patches but decreased in average area. According to dimension analysis, the dimension from 1996 to 2002 had conservedstable relatively, which was among 1.02～1.44. This result shows that the land patches hadtaken simple geometric shapes in Litai village. Besides, the diversity, fragmentation andsuperiority of landscape in Litai had increased. This means that the landscape structure inLitai is developing in the direction of more and more different. (2) Assisted by modern survey instruments of GPS and Total Station, the gardeninggreen land status of Yangling has been analyzed. Through analysis, it shows that the area ofgardening in Yangling was 142.02 hm2 in total and it took 27.73 % of the whole land. Thiswas a little higher than the average level of whole China (25.53%), but much lower thanthe average of 12 gardening cities in China (36.07%). The average gardening land percapita in Yangling was 21.1 m2, which mostly belonged to the institutions and very few tothe public. It also showed that, in respect of function, the gardening in Yangling took the更多还原