【作者】 王小春；

【导师】 杨文钰；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验采用三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合试验设计方法，研究了盆周山区川单21籽粒产量和产量构成因子、品质等相关性状与播种期、种植密度和施氮量的定量关系。试验结果如下： 1、试验因素对产量、干粒重、有效穗、穗粒数、穗位高、倒折率、各生育时期叶面积指数和成熟期茎粗的影响达到了极显著水平，对穗长、秃尖长、抽雄期茎粗的影响达到了显著水平，而对空秆率、茎叶鲜重、拔节期茎粗和各生育时期株高末达到显著水平。其中试验因素对产量的影响大小依次为：密度＞播期＞施氮量。 2、试验因素对拔节期LAI的作用大小为：密度＞施氮量＞播期：对抽雄期LAI的作用大小为：播期＞密度＞施氮量：对成熟期LAI的作用大小为：密度＞播期＞施氮量。 3、试验因素对蛋白质含量、淀粉含量的影响达到了极显著水平，各试验因素对籽粒蛋白质含量的影响大小为：密度＞播期＞施氮量；各试验因素对籽粒淀粉含量的影响大小为：播期＞密度＞施氮量。 4、产量≥7500kg／hm~2的综合农艺措施为：播期4月12～21日，种植密度6.79～7.07万株／hm~2，氮肥用量为192.45～266.40kg／hm~2；蛋白质绝对产量≥600kg／hm~2的综合农艺措施为：播期4月14～23日，种植密度6.53～6.92万株／hm~2，氮肥用量为222.54～287.88kg／hm~2。两者的综合农艺措施具有较好的一致性，有望实现川单21产量与品质的同步优化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relationship between grain yield and characteristics of Chuandan No.21 in the mountain area around the Sichuan basin with sowing date,density and nitrogen fertilizer were studied by using the orthogonal rotation design of quadratic regression. The results were summarized as follows:The experimental factors had most significant effects on the yield,1000-seed weight,effective ears, the kernel numbers of per ear,ear position, ratio of lodging, leaf area exponent during each period and stem diameter during mature period. The experimental factors had significant effects on ear length, barren ear tip and stem diameter during tassel emergence, there had no significant effects of the four experimental factors on the ratio of empty stalk, fresh weight of stem and leaf, stem diameter during sprouting and plant height during each period.The density had the greatest effect on the yield, followed by sowing date and nitrogen application rate.Among the experimental factor, the density had the greatest effect on leaf area exponent during sprouting, followed by nitrogen application rate and sowing date. The sowing date had thegreatest effect on the leaf area exponent during tassel emergence , followed by density and nitrogen application rate, The density had the greatest effect on the leaf area exponent during mature period,followed by sowing date and nitrogen application rate.The experimental factors had influenced the protein contents and starch content most significantly. The density had the greatest effect on protein conents, following by sowing date and nitrogen application rate, The sowing date had the greatest effect on starch contents, followed by density and nitrogen application rate.There were significant positive correlations between the yield and leaf area exponent during each period, This experiment had formed the synthetical culture measures for getting a yield over 7500 kg per hm" ,which was composed by sowing date was on April. 12 ~ 21, density was 6.79X104~7.07X 104 plants per hm2 and nitrogen usage was 192.9 -266.4kg per hmJ.It also had come to the synthetical culture measures for getting u absolute yield of protein over 600 kg per hm2, which was composed by sowing date was on April. 14-23, density was 6.53 X 104~ 6.92 X 104 plants per hm2 and nitrogen usage was 222.54~287.88kg per hm" , The synthetical culture measures for getting a absolute yield of protein over 600 kg per hm2 and yield over 7500 kg per hm2 had some consistency. Therefore, there are some possibilities to realize the synchro amendment of yield and quality.更多还原