船舶冷藏集装箱变频节能研究

【作者】 刘松；

【导师】 韩厚德；

【作者基本信息】 上海海事大学 ， 制冷及低温工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 海运冷藏集装箱流动性大，随着外界气温、海水温度、太阳辐射强度和运送货物的变化，冷藏集装箱制冷系统的显热和潜热负荷随之不断变化。传统的冷藏集装箱制冷系统一般采用恒定转速运行方式，在设计系统时，以能够满足最大热负荷为依据。实际上，制冷系统只是在短时间内工作在最大负荷。常规采用ON-OFF运行尽管控制简单，但毕竟造成一定的能量损失。随着微电子技术和电力电子学的发展，变频调速的应用日益广泛，采用变频调速器改变压缩机电机转速，采用电子膨胀阀替代常规节流机构，实现制冷系统的能量调节，可达到较好的节能效果。 首先，本文针对冷藏集装箱外界环境变化大，负荷变化大的特点，采用非稳定计算法计算冷藏集装箱逐时传热负荷，通过计算分析认为，根据动态负荷的最大值可设计出满足实际需要的制冷机组，达到节能的目的。同时为冷藏集装箱采用变频控制技术提供了依据，根据动态负荷变化的情况自动调节制冷机组的制冷量，可使机组的运行工况随着集装箱的负荷变化而变化，达到节能的目的。 其次，本文建立了冷藏集装箱变频制冷系统的各部件数学模型，并对整个制冷系统进行了计算模拟。从理论上对制冷系统的不同运行工况进行预测。通过METALB建立了蒸发器过热度控制的模糊控制器，对模糊控制器性能进行分析及量化因子对模糊控制器的影响。 最后，建立了冷藏集装箱电控系统的硬件方案，介绍了系统的特点、硬件结构及软件设计方法，该系统使用多个传感器对箱内外、压缩机运行状态和制冷系统工作参数进行巡回检查，以系统的高效低耗及高可靠性为控制目标，实现了冷藏集装箱的智能化控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Maritime refrigerated containers are of great mobility. With the varieties of ambient air temperature, seawater temperature, the radiation intensity of the sun and the diversification of cargo, the apparent and latent heat load of refrigerated containers also change. Traditional refrigeration system of refrigerated containers often use the operation mode as the same rotate speed and we often design the refrigeration system in according to the biggest heat load. In fact, refrigeration system just sometimes works in the peak load. The conventional control way is on and off which has much energy loss. With the development of micro-electronics and electrodynamics, frequency conversion has been applied broadly. Changing compressor speed with transducer and EEV taking place of regular throttles can achieve the energy adjustment of refrigeration system and save much energy.Firstly, because the ambient temperature and heat load changes greatly, this article adopts a not steady method that calculates the heat load of refrigerated containers hourly. Through calculation, we think that the design of refrigeration unit in according to dynamic load can achieve good effects of saving energy. In the same time the result provide a foundation for the application of frequency control technology. Refrigeration capacity of refrigeration unit changes with dynamic heat load and make the work conditions of refrigeration unit changes with heat load, in this way we can save much energy.Secondly, this article builds the mathematical model of components of refrigerated containers’ system and simulates the whole course of refrigerated system. It forecasts the distinct running conditions of refrigerated conditions. With METALB we establish the fuzzy controller for controlling the superheat of the evaporator and analyze the performance of the controller.Thirdly, this article establishes the hardware project of control system of refrigerated containers. It introduces characteristics, the frame of hardware and the design of software of the system. This system makes use of many temperature sensors for checking up inside and outside of containers, the performance of compressors and the work parameters of refrigeration system. We implement the intelligence control of refrigerated containers in according to the high efficiency and low consumption and the reliability of the system更多还原