在科学探究中发展学生的元认知能力

【作者】 李艳梅；

【导师】 王秀红；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 我国当前的课程改革，化学课程以提高学生的科学素养为主旨，强调“培养学生的独立性和自主性”；强调“在学习过程中力求使更多的学生学会反思和自我评价”；强调“使学生在学习知识的过程中学会学习”。这些目标的实现都要以学生元认知能力的提高为前提。本文首先通过对科学探究与元认知的相互关系的分析，认为，科学探究与元认知是相互联系相互作用的，科学探究活动的进行能够激发学生的元认知，而元认知能力的提高又可以促进科学探究能力的发展，使科学探究得以顺利进行。科学探究为元认知的发挥提供了可以监控的过程，从而为元认知的运用提供了舞台，也为元认知能力的发展提供了一个平台，将成为元认知能力培养的重要途径。其次，根据元认知理论，结合化学科学探究自身特点提出了在化学科学探究中培养学生元认知的四步循环模式，即：⒈ 自我评价、任务评价 ；⒉ 目标设置、策略计划；⒊ 策略执行、监控调节；⒋ 反思策略结果、过程评价。在此基础上对模式进行了细化和展开，进行了案例分析最后，提出了在科学探究中发展学生元认知能力的具体策略，分别是：丰富学生的元认知知识；在探究实践中培养学生的元认知体验；运用自我提问法培养学生的自我调节，自我监控和自我评价能力；运用探究笔记加强学生对自己探究过程的监控与反思。更多还原

【Abstract】 Developing students’ scientific literacy is the major idea of the new chemistry curriculum reform. The Fully Time Compulsory Education Curriculum Standards of Chemistry (experiment draft) make great emphasis on the cultivating of the quality of independence and self-determination . The key solution of this problem is to develop students’ meta-cognition.In this thesis, we firstly analysis the relationship between meta-cognition and the ability of scientific inquiry . Then make a conclusion that meta-cognition play an important role in scientific inquiry and scientific inquiry will be an effective way in the cultivating of meta-cognition.Secondly, we establish a four steps model of instruction for the cultivating of meta-cognition in scientific inquiry based on the psychological theories and the characteristics of chemical instruction as follows: self-assessment and assignment-evaluation; set down the aims and plans of strategies; perform and monitor the strategies; self-communion and process-evaluation. Then we give detailed analysis on this model assistant with instructional design. Finally, we put forward some instructional strategies for the cultivating of meta-cognition in chemical scientific inquiry, including enrich the meta-cognitional knowledge, methods for the developing of meta-cognitional, cultivating the ability of self-monitor through self-questioning and the method of noting the process of scientific inquiry.更多还原