【作者】 马毅红；

【导师】 尹平河；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 分析化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 餐饮业地沟油的前身是天然油脂，是动物油脂和植物油脂的混合物。利用地沟油直接皂化生产洗衣粉是不可多得的廉价优质的原料。事实证明，由天然的动植物油脂生产的洗涤产品，较化学合成洗涤剂更具环境相容性和易生物降解性，对环境的危害远小于合成表面活性剂。因此，开展这项研究具有极其重要的环境保护意义和社会效益，同时变废油脂为工业原料本身也具有较高的经济效益。 采用正交试验法对地沟油水解皂化制取的皂料、表面活性剂及助剂之间的复配性能进行研究，筛选了无磷洗衣粉配方，对优选配方洗衣粉的性能进行测试，结果表明，优选配方的性能和市售洗衣粉的性能相当，主要技术指标符合国家标准。 采用多次洗涤对照法研究了抗再沉积剂在优选配方中抗再沉积效果，实验结果表明，羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)对棉布和涤棉布均有明显的抗污垢再沉积作用，在优选配方中，CMC加入量在0.8％～1.5％有较好的抗再沉积作用。 采用在不同温度下的洗涤去污实验，研究优选配方性能与温度之间的关系，结果表明，优选配方的表面张力随温度升高明显降低，润湿力大于标准洗衣粉的润湿力；温度升高其去污力增强；优选配方中加入0.6％碱性蛋白酶对蛋白质污垢有优良的去污功能。 采用洗涤去污实验，研究地沟油皂化的副产物甘油在洗衣粉中的洗涤性能。甘油与优选配方中的表面活性剂有明显的协同增效作用，加入甘油的比例6％～10％较为合适。因此，由地沟油水解皂化的甘油，可以不经分离，直接用于洗衣粉中。更多还原

【Abstract】 Underground drainage oil involving the catering industry is previously called the natural oil, which is the mixture of animal fat and vegetable oil. The use of drainage oil for the production of non-phosphate washing detergent through the process of direct saponification is turned out to be a high quality material which is cheap and rare to come by. Evidence shows that detergent products made from the natural animal and vegetable oil are likely to be more compatible with the environment and to be more biologically degraded compared with the chemical composed detergents. Similarly, the environment hazard is less severe than the composed surfactants. As a result, research conducted in this field is of great significance to the environment protection and for the benefits of the society, meanwhile, the turning of the waste oil into industrial material itself is said to have relatively high economic benefits.By applying the orthogonal experimental methods to the compound property and result study of the soap substance from the process of hydrolysis saponification of the sewerage oil and the surface active agents as well as the builders, the author selects the non-phosphate powder detergent formula and conducts a series of tests relating to the properties of the optimal formulas with laundry powder. The results show that the property of the optimal formula equals the washing powder in the market and is up to the national standard.Researches on the anti re-deposition effects of the anti re-deposition agents applied in the optimal formulas are conducted by adopting the cycled washing contrast method. Tests show that carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) has noticeable anti-smear deposition effects on the cotton cloth and cotton blended cloth. Of all the optimal formulas, CMC is fairly effective to the re-deposition resistance at the content of0.8%-1.5%.By applying the tests of detergency in the varying temperatures, the writerinvestigates the relationship between the properties of the optimal formulas and the temperatures of various degrees. The results indicates that the surface tension of the optimal formulas decreases remarkably as the temperature rises and the moisture absorption is greater than that of the standard laundry powder. The increase in temperature enhances its power of detergency. Excellent detersive power is seen when 0.6% of alkali protease content is added into the optimal formulas to clean away the protein smear.Studies on the cleansing property in the laundry powder by using the derivative of glycerin from the drainage oil saponification through the application of the detergency tests are also carried out. Glycerin and the surfactants in the optimal formulas have noticeable washing performance in terms of joint enhancing effects. The appropriate ratio of glycerin content is 6%-10%. As a result, glycerin from the process of hydrolysis saponification of the waste oil can be directly used in the laundry powder without any separations.更多还原