【作者】 倪丽；

【导师】 章建新；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以高油品种黑农41为材料，研究了5种施氮水平下，产量在4500 kg／hm2以上的大豆氮、磷、钾吸收分配规律，结果表明，高产大豆氮素积累高峰期约在出苗后68天左右，最大积累速率为7．32kg／hm2*d，全生育期内氮素积累速率平均为4．06kg／hm2*d；磷素积累高峰期约在出苗后75天左右，最大积累速率为2．17kg／hm2*d，全生育期内磷素积累速率平均为1．12kg／hm2*d：钾素积累高峰期约在出苗后60天左右，最大积累速率为3．65kg／hm2*d，全生育期内钾素积累速率平均为2．17kg／hm2*d。生产100kg大豆籽粒的需肥量分别为：氮素7．01kg，磷素1．86kg，钾4．43kg；氮磷钾比例约为l：0．27：0．63。为获得高产，在高肥力土壤条件下仍需施用氮肥。施氮能明显促进大豆植株对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收积累及其向籽粒中的分配，施氮处理的养分吸收高峰期较晚，但吸收速率高。氮肥能促进植株干物质积累及其向荚粒中的分配，使植株的干物重以及单株荚数、粒数和百粒重增加，从而提高产量。花期施氮量为90 kg/hm2时，植株养分积累量N438．32 kg/hm2、P122．32 kg/hm2、K289．7l kg/hm2，相应籽粒产量5012．55kg/hm2。以高蛋白品种黑农35、高油品种黑农4l和垦19以及中间型品种新系早为材料，研究了不同类型大豆品种间氮、磷、钾吸收分配规律的差异。结果表明，高蛋白型营养器．官中氮素的转移率比高油型品种高出14．7％，高油类型品种的磷素积累量比高蛋白型高出25．51％。高蛋白品种生产100kg大豆籽粒的需肥量分别为：氮素6．69kg，磷素1.44kg，钾3．54kg；氮磷钾比例约为1：0．22：0．53：中间型品种需肥量分别为：氮素6．52kg，磷素1．55kg，钾3．53kg；氮磷钾比例约为l：0．24：0．58；高油类型品种需肥量分别为：氮素5．98kg，磷素1．51kg，钾3．43kg：氮磷钾比例约为1：0．27：0．59。 ·．更多还原

【Abstract】 Absorption and distribution discipline of N、 P、 K with high-oil variety "Heinong41" was studied at 5 nitrogen levels in which yields were more than 4500kg/hm2, and the results showed that the accumulation peak of N 、P、 K was 68 days,75 days and 60 days while seeded, respectively. Their highest accumulation velocity was 7.32kg/hm2*d, 2.17 kg/hm2*d, 3.65kg/hm2*d. Whereas their accumulation velocity during whole growing stage was 4.06kg/hm2*d,1.12 kg/hm2*d, 2.27kg/hm2*d on average, separately. The quantity of needing fertilizer to yield 100kg seed was 7.01kg of N, 1.86kg of P, 4.43kg of K at ratio of 1:0.27:0.63.Nitrogen was used necessarily to harvest highly even at a high soil fertility, which could significantly strengthen absorption and accumulation of N 、P and K, and nutrient distribution into seeds. What is more, it could enhance dry matter accumulation of plants. When 90kg/hm2 of N was applied at flowering stage, total 438.32kg/hm2 of N, 122.32kg/hm2of P and 289.71kg/hm2 of K was accumulated corresponded to 5012.55kg/hm2 of seed yield.The difference of the absorption and distribution disciplines among N、P、 K with four varieties and lines of high-protein "Heinong35", high-oil "Heinong41", "Kenl9" and inter-mediate "Xinxizao" was studied and the results indicated that nitrogen translocation efficiency of high-protein variety was 14% more than high-oil variety, Phosphorous accumulation of high-oil variety was 25.51% more than high-protein variety. The quantity needing N 、P and K to yield 100kg seeds and straws for high-protein variety was 6.69kg, 1.44kg and 3.54kg; at the proportion of 1:0.22:0.53. The quantity needing N 、P and K to yield 100kg seeds and straws for high-oil variety was 5.98kg, 1.51kg and 3.43kg; at the proportion of 1:0.27:0.59. The quantity needing N 、P and K to yield 100kg seeds and straws for inter-mediate variety was 6.52kg, 1.55kg and 3.53kg; at the proportion of 1:0.24:0.58. Key word: high-yield, spring soybean, N 、P、 K absorption and distribution disciplines.更多还原