【作者】 袁琳；

【导师】 克热木； 伊力；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 果树学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 阿月浑子（Pistacia vera L.）原产亚洲中部和西部，是我国主要在新疆有栽培的很有发展前途的坚果树种。但是由于新疆土壤盐碱问题较为严重，对开发利用本地阿月浑子自然资源和引进优良品种产生了很大的阻碍作用。本文以新疆地方品种长果阿月浑子和从美国引进品种Kerman为材料，对在NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，阿月浑子的耐盐机理及其生理生化特性进行了初步研究。主要结果如下：NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片的膜透性均随盐浓度的升高而增大。其中长果叶片的膜透性升高幅度较大，膜透性增加快，电解质外渗率高，而Kerman膜透性升高幅度较小。NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片的叶绿素（Chla、b、a+b）含量有所变化，但变化不一致，而Chla/b均随盐浓度的升高而升高，表明长果和Kerman在NaCl、Na2SO4为主的较为严重的盐碱地上可通过提高Chla/b比值促进光合作用，降低盐份对其生长的抑制。NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内可溶性糖含量明显增高，借此来维持细胞内的渗透平衡。其中Kerman植株中可溶性糖含量增加幅度大，长果则相反增加幅度不太大。NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内淀粉含量略有增高，使其能够维持一定的渗透平衡。其中Kerman植株中淀粉含量增加幅度大，长果的增加幅度相对较小。NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman的叶片内脯氨酸（Pro）含量迅速上升，来维持渗透平衡。当长果和Kerman受到盐胁迫时，叶片中的Pro含量成倍增长。NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内丙二醛（MDA）含量均有一定上升，膜脂过氧化产物增多。其中长果子的MDA含量升高幅度大，而Kerman增加幅度相对较小。NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性均随盐浓度的升高而升高。SOD的分析结果来看长果和Kerman相互比较，Kerman的SOD含量比长果高。NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）<WP=8>活性均随盐浓度的升高而升高。NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片、根内Na+、Cl-、SO42-含量及Na+/ K+均随盐浓度的升高而升高，而K+含量变化不一致。茎中Na+、Cl-、SO42-、K+含量及Na+/ K+变化均不一致。NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，栽植长果和Kerman的花盆土壤中Na+、Cl-、SO42-含量及Na+/ K+均随盐浓度的升高而升高，且随盐胁迫时间的延长，Na+、Cl-、SO42-主要分布在土壤上层，减轻了对植株的伤害。而土壤中K+含量变化不大，无明显规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pistachio（Pistacia vera L.）, originates in west-central of Asia.(North latitude 28-42,East longitude30-75), and is one of the main dried fruit. It is one type of fruit tree which mainly grows in Xinjiang and it has a good development future.This experiment studied the characteristics of physiology and biochemistry of Changguo and Kerman Pistachio cultivars under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress. The results are summarized below:1. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the membrane permeability of leaves in both cultivars went up as stress increased. The membrane permeability in Changguo cultivars increased quickly, and the permeating ratio of electrolyte was higher. The Kerman cultivars was less higher.2. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the Chl (a, b, a+b) content in Changguo and Kerman leaves had different changes after increasing salt concentration, but the ratio of Chla/b increased. This shows that Pistachio can maintain photosynthesis by increasing Chla/b in NaCl and Na2SO4 contaminated soils.3. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the soluble sugar content in leaves went up as stress increased to maintain the penetration balance. The range of increase of soluble sugar content in Kerman leaves was larger than the Changguo.4. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the starch content in leaves went up slightly as stress increased to maintain the penetration balance. The range of increased starch content in Kerman leaves was larger than Changguo.5. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the Pro(proline) content in leaves went up with stress increased to maintain the penetration balance. When Pistachio was subjected to salt stress, the Pro content increased many times. 6. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the content of MDA(Malondialdehyde) in leaves went up with stress increased. The range of increased MDA content in Changguo leaves was larger than the Kerman.7. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the activity of SOD(superoxide dismutase)increased in both varieties with increased stress. The activity of SOD in Kerman leaves was higher than in Changguo.8. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, CAT(catalase) activity、and POD(peroxidase) activity increased in <WP=10>both varieties with increased stress.9. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the content of Na+、Cl- and SO42- in pistachio leaves all went up with increased stress, but the change of K+ content was different. The content of Na+、Cl-、SO42-、K+ and the ratio of Na+/ K+ in stem and root were also different.10.Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the content of Na+、Cl-、SO42- and the ratio of Na+/ K+ in soil went up with increased stress. The Na+、Cl- and SO42- were mainly distributed in the upper layer of the soil in the pot after prolonged stress time. This would alleviate the harm to the deeper root. But the change of K+ content is different.更多还原