【作者】 林华；

【导师】 李疆；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 果树学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究就克拉玛依干旱荒漠区发展葡萄、草莓、黑穗醋栗和枸杞等果树产业中存在的主要问题，开展了生态适应性、节水灌溉、整形修剪和施肥等方面的试验。结果如下：滴灌试验表明，项目区使用滴灌比沟灌能够减少用水量50%以上，产量提高17%，含糖量提高1.9%。土壤保水剂有良好的保水保墒作用，使用土壤保水剂的土壤含水量是对照的104%~175%，移栽的成活率提高了23%，处理的新梢生长总量是对照的2.2~2.6倍，鲜叶重增加了9%~37%，叶片纵、横径分别增加了9%~16%和15%~27%。在叶面增大的同时，叶片厚度也增加。对葡萄在花前进行轻度和中度的摘心有利于提高座果率、单粒重、穗重以及提高可溶性固型物，降低含酸量。经过修剪的枸杞各种物候期均比不修剪的提前一周左右，单株产量有显著提高，且修剪的枸杞能够形成秋果，为修剪的则不能。草莓在荒漠地区的生态适应性方面，全明星的表现优于其它几个品种，对草莓在花前喷施尿素，可以显著提高果实的单粒重的单株产量。在所试验的4个品种的黑穗醋栗中，黑风和世纪星表现良好，植株生长正常，而奥依宾灼伤严重，造成严重落叶。黑穗醋栗花芽分化开始于7月中旬，4个品种的黑穗醋栗花的各部分形态建成与小花的数目，在入冬之前均已完成。磷肥对于黑穗醋栗的生长和结果有很大的影响，以100克磷酸二胺/穴施肥量的综合效应最佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment studied on growing technology and management of berry fruit in arid-desert areas. The result showed that drip irrigation could saved water by 50% than ditch irrigation, and fruit output increase 17%, sugar content increase 1.9%. And passed same time, soil moisture could rise more than 1.9%~2.5% compared with ditch irrigation. By applying Soil Hydrate, the transplant surviving rate increased more than 23%, the weight per fresh leaf increased 9%~23% comparing with blank. The measures of pinching tip with light degree and middle degree one week before grape bloom can increase the fruit set rate, fruit weight, spike weight, saccharinity of grape, but decrease the titratable acidity.All the training and pruning methods could increase output of medlar in the experiments.For strawberry ecological adaptability in arid-desert areas, the performance of ALL STAR was better than other species. And the measures of spraying leaf-fertilizer on strawberry two weeks before blooming could increase fruit weight and output.For the aspect of black currant ecological adaptability in arid-desert areas, the performance of “Shijixing” and “Heifeng” better than other specieses. And P-fertilizer could increase fruit weight; production and the ability of resisting burn leaves.更多还原