【作者】 姜婷；

【导师】 黄人鑫；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 动物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 拟步甲科（Tenebrionidae）昆虫是分布范围广、种类丰富、生活类型多样的一类甲虫。在新疆独特的荒漠生态系统中，拟步甲是荒漠昆虫中最为重要的类群之一，被称为“荒漠环境的指示生物”之一。 自2001年至2003年，我在导师的国家自然科学基金的资助下，随同课题组成员一起进行了“新疆拟步甲科区系及地理分布的初步研究”。在多次野外标本采集、生态调查中，从南到北足迹遍及喀喇昆仑、塔里木盆地、帕米尔高原、天山、伊犁谷地、准噶尔盆地、阿尔泰山及东疆诸盆地，采集点约800余个，获得了大量拟步甲标本。本文采用常规鉴定方法与雄性外生殖器解剖相结合，辅以扫描电镜观察，对收藏于新疆大学生命科学与技术学院昆虫室20年来积累的标本及三年在校期间系统地采集于全疆各地的拟步甲类标本进行了整理与鉴定, 结合野外考察及重要类群的生物学研究，研究其区系成份，并对其区系特征及地理分布状况进行了系统的分析，主要研究成果如下：1）初步查明新疆拟步甲科昆虫共计266种,分隶于23族72属，其中35种为中国新记录种，3种为拟步甲类新种，作新种记述，并附图片；在研究过程中初步探讨了拟步甲的中文命名问题；2）新疆拟步甲种类繁多，其区系成分分析显示，除12种为广布种以外，共有6种区系成分，其中中亚细亚种为最多,有87种,占已种的32.7﹪；其次依次为中央亚细亚种和特有种，分别为81种和65种，各占已知种类的30.5﹪和24.4﹪；泛古北种12种，占4.5﹪；欧洲西伯利亚种7种，占2.6﹪；欧洲中亚种最少，仅有2种，占0.75﹪，并根据新疆拟步甲科昆虫区系成分分析了其起源问题；3）新疆拟步甲科昆虫的地理分布表明，分布于准噶尔盆地的种类最为丰富，计161种，占新疆已知种的60.5﹪；其次是塔里木盆地92种，占已知种的34.6﹪；东疆诸盆地63种，占23.7﹪；伊犁谷地56种，占21.1﹪；在三大山系中，天山山系的拟步甲种类最多，为54种，占20.3﹪；阿尔泰山山系28种，占10.5﹪；昆仑山山系13种，占4.9﹪。更多还原

【Abstract】 The family Tenebrionidae is one of the largest families of insects.Under the extremely bad condition of Xinjiang , a special desert ecological system is formed by the internal power of organism with desert flora and insect fauna.This research is carried out under the support of my tutor’s national nature funds. The purpose of this research is to find out the general picture of the fauna and geographic distribution of the Tenebrionidae in Xinjiang. We organized and identified the specimens which collected in the insects specimens laboratory of life science and technology department of Xinjiang university, from almost everywhere of Xinjiang with combination of the conventional methods and the electroscopic scanning technique.The research gets the results as following: 1) According to the author’s investigation on the spot for three years and other people’s research data, totally 266 species belongs to 23 tribes and 72 genera of darkling beetles are described, of which there are 35 new record species in China and 3 new species;2) The fauna composition’s analysis indicates that the fauna composition of Tenebrionidae with 266 species is very simple, just only 6 components, of which 32.7 percent (87 species) belong to Mid-Asian ingredient； The next are 81 Centro-Asian species,30.5 percent of the total Tenebrionidae in Xinjiang; 65 Endemic species,24.4 percent of the total number; 12 Palaearctic species,4.5 percent of that; 2 Euro-Mid-Asian species,0.75 percent of that; 7 Euro-Siberian species,2.6 percent of that. There are also 12 Widespread species,4.5 percent of the total number;The origin of the Tenebrionidae in Xinjiang was also discussed according to the fauna components’ characteristics.3) The study of the geological distribution of the Tenebrionidae in Xinjiang <WP=4>indicates that: Junggar basin desert has abundant darkling beetles. There are 161 species, accounting for 60.5 percent of 266 species analyzed and its fauna composition is also complicated.Tarim basin desert basin is nearly all-closed. So the species communication with the nearly area is very hard. Meanwhile, the Taklimakan desert in the middle of the Tarim basin is extremely arid region. Therefore the species of darkling beetles are lower than that of Junggar basin, only 92 species, accounting for 34.6 percent.The darkling beetles of Dongjiang basins are 63 species accounting for 23.7 percent of total analyzed species, in which there are more Centro-Asian, respectively 31 species accounting for 42.9 percent. Tianshan Mountain has most various kinds of the darkling beetles (54 species) amounting to 20.3 percent of the total number; The next is Altay Mountain containing 28 species, 10.5 percent; the last is Karakorum Mountain just having 13 species, 4.9 percent.更多还原