【作者】 王新绘；

【导师】 李冠；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 植物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 离子束生物工程技术是一种新的生物诱变技术，它是通过将低能离子束注入生物体内，来研究其生物效应和作用机理，并将它应用于遗传育种和基因工程等方面。经过十余年的研究，人们对它的生物学效应和作用机理有了初步的认识，在应用方面取得了良好的效果。本文主要研究低能氮离子注入对彩棉产生的诱变效应。 选取两个彩棉品种新彩1号（棕色）和新彩3号（绿色）进行离子注入，能量为30keV，注入剂量为：0，4×1016 N＋/cm2，6×1016 N＋/cm2，8×1016 N＋/cm2，12×1016 N＋/cm2，16×1016 N＋/cm2。实验分两部分：一部分在实验室进行，对注入后种子的发芽率，生理生化指标，同工酶谱，种子表面显微机构等进行研究，为离子束注入彩色棉提供理论依据。第二部分在实验田中进行，试验材料种植于新疆中国彩棉股份有限公司的试验大棚中，人工控温控光，试验按二重复，两行区随机区组设计，田间管理按一般方式进行，分株收获。测定主要经济性状：铃数，单铃重，籽棉，皮棉，衣分，及纤维物理性能。实验结果如下：（1）对离子注入后一些生理生化指标（POD,SOD,CAT等）的变化进行研究，从生理生化水平上来探讨离子注入彩棉后的损伤效应，实验结果显示，在低剂量（4－6×1016 N＋/cm2）时，两品种POD、CAT、SOD活性均高于对照组，且随着注入剂量的增加而升高。当剂量增高到一定值后，保护酶活性都开始下降，只是两个品种的峰值位置有所差异，但当剂量再增高时，酶活性又开始上升。MDA和电导率也呈现类似的变化趋势。 <WP=6>（2）对发芽率进行研究表明：彩棉经氮离子注入后发芽率都降低，呈“马鞍型”存活曲线。（3）对其M1代主要经济性状变异进行研究，结果对彩棉的铃重、衣分的改良，采用12×1016 N+/cm2剂量较适宜。而对纤维品质的改良，两品种存在差异，对彩1主要以负效应为主，而对彩3则显示出正效应。（4）对氮离子注入后，过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱进行分析，得出各剂量间差异不显著。（5）对注入后种子进行扫描电镜观察，得出随着注入剂量的增高，离子束对种子表面的刻蚀作用加强，生物体受损程度加大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ion Beam bioengineering technology has been considered as a new method for mutation breeding. With low-energy ions implanted into organisms，the biological effects and the function mechanisms of the technology were investigated by some researchers ,and the technology has been used into genetic breeding and gene engineering. The researchers have observed some biological effects and revealed some basic mechanisms for past decade，and the great development and application have been obtained.In this paper ,the mutation biological effects of the colored cotton implanted by nitrogen ions were studied and discussed.Seeds of XC1(brown) and XC3(green) were implanted by Nitrogen Ion Beam, energy was 30 keV,doses were 0，4×1016 N＋ions/cm2，6×1016 N＋ions/cm2，8×1016 N＋ions/cm2，12×1016 N＋ions/cm2，16×1016 N＋ions/cm2.No-treated seeds were control. The experiment divides into two parts: The first part was in the laboratory , the germination percentage of the seed, the biochemical index of the physiology, isoenzyme, the seed surface and constructs etc were studied after the N+ implantation, which offered the theoretical foundation for the fact that the ion beams implanted into colored cotton .The second part was in the experiment field, the seeds were planted in the field of TIANCAI, controlling the temperature and light, two lines of each doses and repeated it, the field management was according to the general way, and reaped individually, then measured the main economic characteristics: boll weight、 lint percent 、fiber <WP=8>length、 fiber strength、 micronaire and so on. The experimental result was as follows:(1) Some physiological and biochemical indexes after ion beams implantation were observed ,such as peroxidase(POD)、catalase(CAT)、superoxide(SOD)et.al.According to the results,the activity of the indexes enzyme increased compared with control in the low doses (4－6×1016 N＋/cm2).But with the doses increasing, the activity decreased.These two breeds had a different peak. Then ,the activity increased again.The MDA and conductivity changed similarly.(2)After having observed the germination of seeds implanted by ion beams,the results showed: Germination rate of seeds appeared to be saddle line with the doses increasing.(3) The main economic traits in M1 were measured,the results indicated that the boll weight, lint percent had an apparent variation. The implanting dose 12×1016 N+/cm2 could induce positive effect,but the ion implantion had a different effect on the fiber length and fiber strength.A passive effect on the XCI(brown),and the XC3(green) was contrary.(4)Analysed the peroxides isoenzyme photograph,we can know there was not prominent difference among the each doses.(5)The micro-structure analysis of implanted surface cell of seeds was done.The sputtering effect produced by ion beams implanting was researched.Moreover with the increase of the dose，the damage became more serious.更多还原