【作者】 梅雪英；

【导师】 严平；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 气象学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以扬麦158为供试材料，于2001-2004年在安徽农业大学试验农场设有遮雨设施的钢架大棚内（合肥）进行盆栽试验。试验设有对照（CK），轻度水分胁迫(T1)，中度水分胁迫(T2)和重度水分胁迫(T3)四种不同的水分处理。每种处理五次重复。运用农业气象学、植物学、植物生理学、作物栽培学、生态学以及应用数学等学科的原理和方法、就小麦主要生育期不同水分胁迫条件下生长状况的变化，生理生态的动态变化及其与产量品质的关系进行了研究，结果表明：1.任何时期、任何程度的水分胁迫都使小麦产量降低，且不同时期、不同程度的水分胁迫对产量的影响不同，尤其是生育后期（拔节孕穗以后）对产量的影响较为显著。其中，拔节孕穗期T3减产率达41.2%，T2减产率30.1%，T1减产率22.4%。2.分蘖以前水分胁迫各处理对小麦生育进程有延缓效应。自拔节期始，水分胁迫使小麦生育进程加快，生育期缩短，随着水分胁迫的加剧，对生育期和生育进程的影响明显提高，轻度、中度和重度水分胁迫与对照相比，全生育期天数分别缩短了3天，4天和6天，生育期平均分别比对照提前1.3天、2.2天和3.5天。3.水分胁迫对绿叶面积的影响很大，且随着水分胁迫程度的加剧，各生育期均呈现出明显的规律性：绿叶面积减少量明显增加，绿叶数也随之减少。随着生育进程的推进，绿叶面积衰减量也呈增加的趋势。生育前期水分胁迫对绿叶面积的影响小于生育后期。4.水分胁迫处理对地上部分鲜重的影响随着胁迫程度的加剧而增大；不同程度的水分胁迫都使株高和穗长降低；在同一生育期中，T1的株高和穗长均大于T2，T2大于T3。5.水分胁迫对根系干重、单株次生根数和根冠比的影响均随着胁迫程度的加剧而增加，但不同生育期水分胁迫影响程度不同。对根系干重的影响在抽穗开花以后大于抽穗开花以前，引起次生根数的减少在拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期最为明显，对小麦根冠比的影响程度在拔节孕穗期最大。6.不同水分胁迫条件下对若干生理指标的动态变化研究中发现，旗叶的光合速率，随着水分胁迫程度的加剧，下降幅度增大；旗叶蒸腾速率最小值出现在开花初期，并随着花期的进行逐渐升高，开花后21天出现最大值，之后又开始下降；不同水分<WP=6>胁迫对可溶性糖、脯氨酸、MDA含量均随着水分胁迫程度的加剧而增加。开花之前水分胁迫使SOD、POD活性增强，开花期各处理SOD活性均达到最高值，随后开始降低，灌浆期到乳熟期急剧降低；而随着生育期的推进和水分胁迫程度的加剧，POD活性降低幅度加大。 7.轻度水分胁迫对物质转化和产量形成的影响不显著，而重度水分胁迫严重阻碍物质的转化和产量的形成。随着水分胁迫的加剧，SOD、POD和PRO等有利于物质转化和产量形成的生理性状越来越弱，而不利于产量形成的因素，如MDA越来越强。8.随着水分胁迫程度的加剧，蛋白质、氨基酸、湿面筋含量以及沉降值等呈现增加趋势，而粗淀粉的变化趋势与上述相反。9.根据综合评判，各水分胁迫处理方案中，T1最优，T3最差。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiments were carried out with yangmai 158 on the experiment farm and steel shed of Anhui Agricultural University for two years from 2001 to 2004. The pot experiment was originally designed with four different water application treatments. The CK(check) treatment was 75~80% of maximum field capacity. The light water stress treatment (T1) was 65~70% of maximum field capacity. The medium water stress treatment (T2) was 55~60% of maximum field capacity. The heavy water stress treatment (T3) was 45~50% of maximum field capacity. Crop growth and development, physiology and ecology, production and Quality of winter wheat under different water stress treatments were researched and analyzed by means of Agricultural meteorology, Crop culture, Plant physiology and ecology, Agricultural statistics, Applied mathematics and so on. The results showed that:1. The production of winter wheat was reduced under different water stress and different growth stages. Effect of different water stress and different growth stages on production was different, especially at the later growth stages (after jointing to booting stage), effect on production was significant. At jointing to booting stage, reduction rate was 41.2% in T3 treatment, 31.0% in T2 treatment, 22.4% in T2 treatment. 2. Different water stress treatment made growth process later than CK treatment before tillering stage. From jointing stage, different water stress treatment made growth process shorter than CK treatment. With the water stress become more serious, the effects on growth stage and the growth process was more significantly. Compared to the CK, the light water stress, medium water stress and heavy water stress of the whole growth stages shorten 3 days, 4 days and 6 days, and the growth stage improved 1.3 days, 2.2 days and 3.5 days.3. Effect on green leave area was very heavy under water stress and with the degree of water stress intensifying, various growth stages presented obvious regularity: Green leaf <WP=8>area decrement obvious increased, green leaf number also along with it reduction. With the growth process moving forward, green leaf area decrement had the increasing tendency. The preliminary growth stages of water stress to the green leaf area influence were smaller than the later growth stages.4. With the water stress degree intensifying, the influence on the aerial parts fresh weight increased. The varying degree water stress all caused plant height and spike long to reduce. At the same stage, In the identical period of duration, T1 plant height and spike long is bigger than T2, T2 is bigger than T3.5. With the water stress degree intensifying, the influence on the root dry weight, secondary radical root and R/S improved. The influence of water stress was different at different growth stages. The influence on root dry weight before the flowering stage was smaller than later flowering stage. The amount of secondary roots was heavily affected at jointing to booting stage and flowering stage and the sensitive stage to R/S was jointing to booting stage.6. Under water stress condition, the dynamic variety of several physical index were studied. It showed that: With intensity of water stress, photosynthetic rate of flag leaves dropping extent extended. At the beginning of flowering stage, the transpiration rate value of flag leaves was the least. After that, it improved gradually. 21 days later, the transpiration rate value of flag leaves was the largest. With the development of stages, it declined. With intensity of water stress, the content of soluble sugar, Pro and MDA improved. Under water stress condition, SOD and POD activity enhanced before flowering stage. The peak value of SOD activity was found at the flowering stage. Then it started to decrease. At the filling stage and mature stage, it declined sharply. With intensity of water stress and development of growth stages, the dropping extent of POD activity increased.7. The influence of light water stress on material transformation and yield formation was not significant, while heavy更多还原