【作者】 张文静；

【导师】 李金才；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 试验于2002～2003年在安徽农业大学农场大田进行。研究了不同播种密度与氮肥运筹对不同品质类型小麦产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明：不同播种密度和氮肥运筹显著影响不同品质类型小麦产量和品质以及群体质量。1 播种密度对产量和品质的影响播种密度显著影响小麦的产量和产量结构，各密度处理间产量差异均达到显著水平。随着播种密度上升，分蘖成穗率降低，穗粒数减少，籽粒平均灌浆速率逐渐下降，灌浆历期缩短，粒重降低。播种密度对不同品质类型小麦品质性状的影响也达到显著水平，蛋白质和湿面筋含量随密度下降而降低，淀粉含量则相反。2 播种密度对群体质量和光合特性的影响小麦群体质量与播种密度大小密切相关。随着播种密度的增加，群体质量呈下降趋势。具体表现为：株高增加，抗倒性下降，茎蘖数增多而分蘖成穗率下降，花后LAI下降过快，功能叶片叶绿素含量低，光合速率下降，叶片早衰，合成光合产物能力下降，可溶性糖运输受阻。3 氮素运筹对小麦产量和品质的影响施氮量与籽粒产量、蛋白质含量均呈二次抛物线关系。增施氮肥能提高籽粒麦谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白的含量和籽粒麦谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白的比值。增施氮肥显著提高籽粒湿面筋含量、面团稳定时间和面团拉伸度。但不同品种间有一定的差异，皖麦44对氮素的反应较为迟钝，表现出一定的稳定性；而济南17对氮素的反应较为敏感，随施氮量的增加籽粒品质会得到明显提高。氮肥基施与追施相结合有利于提高籽粒产量和品质,以基施、拔节和孕穗期三次施肥效果最好。适当加大中后期氮肥施用比例，对提高优质小麦的营养和加工品质有重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiments were carried out on the farm of Anhui Agricultural University from 2002 to 2003. Grain yield and quality under different seeding rate and nitrogen application regimes in winter wheat with different types of grain quality. The result showed that different seeding rates and nitrogen applications significantly affected grain yield and quality.1 Effects of seeding rate on grain yield and qualitySeeding rate significantly affected grain yield and its components of different protein content wheat. Variance in yield was extremely significant between seeding rates. With increasing seeding rate , percentage of culms and tillers and grains per ear decreased ，average filling rate gradually decreased and filling duration was shortened，and hence grains weight decreased. The effect of different densities on grain quality was also significant. With decreasing density, protein content and wet gluten content decreased, while grain starch content increased.2 Effects of seeding rates on population qualityPopulation quality was correlated to seeding rates. With increasing seeding rate, population quality gradually decreased. The result showed that: plant height increased but resistance to lodging decreased when seeding rates increased. At the same time， the number of culms and tillers increased while percentage of eared culms and tillers became lower. LAI quickly decreased after anthesis and chlorophyll content of functional leaves was low. Leaves <WP=6>prematurely died after their photosynthetic ability decreased. Transport and transform of soluble sugar in culms、leaves and grains was retarded.3.Effects of nitrogen application on grain yield and quality of wheat Application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was in relation of quadric curved lines with grain yield and grain protein content. The results also showed that gliadin and glutenin contents of grain, and ratio of glutenin to gliadin in grain were improved by increasing nitrogen fertilizer applied. As a result, gluten content, the dough stable period and extensibility were increased. There existed significant differences between cultivars used. Wanmai 44 was relatively retarding to nitrogen application and its grain quality stable, but quality of Jinan17 was significantly improved by nitrogen application. Grain yield and quality were improved when nitrogen fertilizer was applied before sowing and at jointing and booting stage. With more nitrogen applied after jointing stage, the nutritional and processing quality of grain were improved significantly.更多还原