【作者】 孙太靖；

【导师】 龚振平；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验于2002-2003年在东北农业大学香坊试验田进行，土壤为黑土，试验选用高油大豆品种东农47为材料，设四个追肥时期及正常光照、遮阴和黑暗处理，对大豆植株干物质积累 、氮素动态变化以及追肥时期、光照对氮素动态及大豆产量影响等方面进行研究，结果表明：大豆植株干物质积累特点是：叶片、叶柄、茎在盛花期至鼓粒初期积累较快，鼓粒期以后干物质集中于荚果。大豆植株不同部位氮素动态变化存在差异。大豆全氮含量表现为：叶片中全氮含量呈单峰曲线变化，叶柄、茎均为平缓下降趋势，荚果是高-低-高走向； 氨态氮含量顺序为：茎>叶片>叶柄，叶片氨态氮含量近似单峰曲线变化，茎、叶柄中氨态氮含量先降低后升高，茎部变化幅度较大；硝态氮含量高低顺序是叶柄>茎，茎、叶柄中硝态氮含量均呈下降走向，叶柄变化幅度大；茎中酰脲含量明显高于叶柄和叶片，R5期荚果中含量比较高，茎中酰脲含量呈降-升-降态势变化，荚果呈迅速下降趋势，叶片、叶柄均为单峰曲线变化，盛荚期（R4）达最高；各部位酰脲含量中，尿囊酸明显高于尿囊素含量。不同生育期大豆植株氮素含量日变化动态有一定差异。R2(6月26日)期各部位氨态氮含量呈平滑弧线动态，10至16时含量相对较高，R5(7月22日)期各部位氨态氮含量近似单峰曲线变化，12时达最大值；R2(6月26日)、R5(7月22日)茎、叶柄硝态氮含量在10时达最大值，叶柄变化幅度较大；各部位酰脲含量动态变化相似，R2(6月26日) 期茎酰脲含量急速下降，叶柄、叶片变化较小， 10、14、16时其含量较高，R5(7月22日) 期荚果酰脲含量先降后升，叶片、叶柄及茎部变化不显著。 光照对大豆植株氮素养分含量有明显的影响，早8时叶片氨态氮含量顺序是：遮阴＞正常光照＞黑暗，茎部是黑暗＞遮阴＞正常光照，叶柄、生长点氨态氮含量无明显变化；14时叶片氨态氮动态与早8时相反，茎、生长点部遮光处理的氨态氮含量高于正常光照，叶柄低于正常光照；早8时茎、叶柄硝态氮含量顺序是：遮阴＞黑暗＞正常光照，荚果部无明显变化，14时叶柄是正常光照＞遮阴＞黑暗；光照对酰脲及尿囊酸含量影响是：早8时与午后14时荚果及茎部酰脲含量的变化相同，叶柄和叶片酰脲含量变化相反，两时段荚果尿囊酸含量走向相反，其它部位相同。 不同追肥时期对大豆氮素含量的促控作用不同。 B1(始花期追肥)处理使盛花期茎、叶柄硝态氮及盛荚期叶柄硝态氮含量增加，B2(盛花期追肥)处理使R4期叶柄硝态氮含量增加；B1处理使R2期茎、叶柄氨态氮含量下降，促进R4、R5期各部位氨态氮含量增长，B2处理使R4期除叶片外其它部位氨态氮含量增加，R5期除生长点外均升高；追肥处理使R2期叶片酰脲含量下降，茎、叶柄增加，追肥对R4期各部位酰脲含量无显著影响，追肥使R5期叶片、叶柄酰脲含量增加，茎、荚果含量下降；B1处理使R2期叶片氮素含量增加，叶柄降低，B1、B2处理使R4期叶片、荚果氮素含量升高，对R5期叶片氮素含量作用明显。不同追肥时期对大豆不同产量形成的促进作用有明显差异。B1 (始花期追肥)、B2 <WP=9>(盛花期追肥)、B3 (盛荚期追肥)处理分别使大豆增产6%、7.3%和0.5%。花期追施氮肥对提高大豆产量最有效。更多还原

【Abstract】 Studies on the Dynamic Change of Nitrogen of Soybean Plant and the Effect of Additional Nitrogenous Fertilizer on itThis test went on in the experimental plot of the Northeast Agricultural University in 2002-2003, the soil was the black earth, the test selected high-oil cultivarDN47 material, set up four stages of additional fertilizer with light, shade and dark treatments, studied dry matter accumulation, dynamic change of nitrogen and effect of stage of additional fertilizer and light on dynamic of nitrogen and yield of soybean. The results are as follows:Character of dry matter accumulation of soybean plant: The dry matter in leaf, petiole, and stem accumulated fast from flouring flowering to filling, after filling dry matter concentrated on legume. The difference existed in the dynamic change of nitrogen among different positions of soybean plant. The total N content of soybean showed that the nitrogen content in leaf changed as a curve, while in petiole and stem decreased slowly and in legume changed as tall-low-tall tendency. The order of the ammonia nitrogen content was: stem>leaf>petiole, the ammonia nitrogen content in leaf changed as a curve, in stem and in petiole decreased first then increased. The N03-N content order: petiole>stem, the N03-N content in stem and in petiole decreased, in petiole the change breadth was large. The ureides content was higher in stem than in petiole and leaf obviously, on Stage R5 in legume had a high content, in stem the ureides content was lower- rise- lower tendency, in legume decreased fast, and changed as a curve in leaf and petiole, maximum being at flourishing fruiting stage, the allantoic acid content was higher than allantoin obviously.There was difference in daily changes of the nitrogen content of soybean plant. The ammonia nitrogen content in different positions changed as a smooth curve on Stage R2 (June 26), the content was high at 10-16 o’ clock, the ammonia nitrogen content in different positions changed as a curve on Stage R5 (July 22), maximum being at 12 o’ clock; maximum of the N03-N content in stem and petiole was at 10 o’ clock on Stage R2 (June 26) and R5 (July 22), in petiole the change breadth was large. The dynamic change of the ureides content in every position was similar, the ureides content in stem decreased speedily on Stage R2 (June 26), and in petiole and leaf the content was higher at 10,14,16 o’clock, the ureides content in legume decreased then increased on Stage R5 (July 22), in leaf, petiole and stem the change wasn’t dramatic.The effect of light on nitrogen nutrition of soybean plant was dramatic, the order of the ammonia nitrogen content in leaf at 8 a.m. was shade>light>dark, in stem was dark >shade >light, in petiole and apical heart didn’t change obviously. The dynamic of ammonia nitrogen in leaf at 14 p.m. was contrary to 8 a.m., in stem and apical heart with shade treatment the ammonia nitrogen content was higher than light, in petiole was lower than light. The order of the N03-N content in stem and petiole at 8 o’clock a.m. was: shade>dark>light, there wasn’t obvious change in legume, and in petiole at 14 o’clock was: <WP=11>light>hade>ark; the effect of light on ureides and allantoic acid content in legume and stem at 8 a.m. was the same as 14 p.m., the ureides content in leaf and in petiole changed inversely, the allantoic acid content in legume at 8 a.m. and 14 p.m. changed inversely, other positions was the same.The effect of different additional fertilizer treatments on nitrogen content of soybean was different. The N03-N content in stem and petiole on Stage R2 and in petiole on Stage R4 increased by Treatment B1 (additional fertilizer on earlier flowering stage), the N03-N content in petiole on flourishing fruiting stage increased by Treatment B2 (additional fertilizer on flourishing flowering stage). The ammonia nitrogen content in stem and petiole on flourishing flowering stage decreased by Treatment B1, but B1 promoted the ammonia nitrogen content of every position on Stage R4 and R5, B2 made the ammonia nit更多还原