【作者】 刘海燕；

【导师】 欧阳斌林；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 农业电气化与自动化， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 现代微电子技术和计算机技术的迅猛发展，使传统的工业生产产生了深刻的变化。“机电一体化”作为一门新兴的交叉边缘学科具有旺盛的生命力和广泛的应用前景。工业控制计算机的普遍应用，将许多传统机械设备的控制技术提高到了一个崭新的阶段。 本课题中设计的双螺杆挤压机控制系统中的前置控制单元，可以在挤压机工作的同时，将各种数据经通信接口输入到计算机，实现实时采集与控制。由于数据直接存储到计算机硬盘上，也给以后使用数据带来方便。 本课题对系统的控制原理、硬件组成及控制方式等进行详细介绍。设计依据高精确度、高可靠性的原则完成以下工作： (1)采用ATMEL公司的AT89C52单片机为主控单元。控制系统的硬件电路实现了数据采集、数据存储、温度控制、电机控制、抗干扰等功能； (2)温度控制系统以E分度热电偶为感温元件，用温度传感器AD590测量环境温度，作为热电偶的冷端补偿。并采用固态继电器SSR作为加热器的开关元件。采用智能控制结合数字滤波，提高了测量精度。电机调速的方法采用改变电枢端电压调速。若使电压平滑变化，可得到平滑调速，调速范围宽，能耗小。 (3)该系统在控制策略上采用了模糊控制与PID控制相结合的控制算法。经实验证明，该控制系统具有满意的控制效果。 本系统中，温度控制系统的硬件设计方法和控制算法是针对具有大惯性、大滞后的被控对象设计的，可移植用于其它具有相似特点的被控对象的控制系统中；转速控制系统为一完整的工业实时控制系统，可用于某些转速实时控制系统中，在工程应用中具有一定的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fast development of modern micro-electronic and computer techniques brings about great change to traditional industrial production. "Electromechanical integration", as an intercrossing and interdisciplinary subject which is newly emerging, bears hopeful and far-raging prospect for application. The general application of industrial control unit advances many control technologies for traditional mechanical equipment to a new stage.The design of the predictor control unit in the control system of two-screw extruder in this subject, can input all the data into the computer through the communication interface, also can achieve the real time collection and control when the extruder’s working .It is convenient for using the data as it can save the data directly to the disk.The project included the explanation of the control principle, the structure of the hardware, and the control mode. According to the principle of higher precision, higher reliability, the design finished the following work:(l)The main control unit is AT89C52 which was made in ATMEL company. The whole system realized the functions of data collecting, data keeping, temperature control, electromotor control, anti-jamming etc.(2)In the temperature control system, the temperature sensor is thermocouple of type E, use the AD590(temperature sensor) to measure the environmental temperature , as the compensation of cool-end of thermocouple. Adopted solid state relay (SSR) as the heater’s switching component. The application of intelligent control and digital filter improves the precision of the measurement. The method of the governing speed of electromotor is to change the armature’s voltage. If the voltage variety is smooth, the speed of electromotor changed smoothly. Applying the method there will be wide range of speed governing and lower power consumption.(3)The system adopts the combination of the fuzzy control and PID control as its control strategy. The experiment proved the system to have satisfying control effect.In the system, the design method of the temperature control system aims at the control object with larger inertia and lag, it can be transplanted to other control system with the controlled object having the similar characteristic; The control system of rotational speed is a whole industrial real time control system, it can be applied in several control system of rotational speed, it has equivalent referenced value in engineering application.更多还原