【作者】 钟明芳；

【导师】 张卫；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过对建筑规划与设计过程各阶段中出现的问题及问题从出现到解决过程的分析得出建筑规划与设计过程是由决定塑造的，怎样高效而明智地对问题作出决策是提高建筑效率的关键。进而提出了对于提高决策效率以至建筑效率有建设性意义的系统的五要素法，它是一种在建筑规划与设计过程中对出现的问题进行系统的思考和决策的方法，五要素即：问题、目标、可选方案、结果和权衡。 本文研究的决策方法是通过系统而理性地整理以上提到的决策中的五个关键要素并列入一张决策表中，使用特定的权衡方法来对表中各因素进行权衡而使决策过程变得清晰而有条理，从而达到在建筑规划与设计过程中能高效并合理地进行决策的目的。文中的第二到六章分别具体阐述了这五项和利用决策表进行权衡的方法。 建筑决策问题的定义，是指在建筑规划与设计中如何确定应该考虑的是什么问题。在建筑设计与规划中要创造性地定义问题并把问题变成机会。本文介绍了定义决策问题的方法和注意事项。 建筑决策中目标的确立，指在建筑规划与设计中如何了解决策所需要达到的真正目标。在建筑规划与设计过程中要以明确的目标作为向导，它决定了一项决策的重要性，从而决定了值得耗费的时间和精力。在寻找目标时要警惕一些误区，掌握发现目标的方法，在确定目标后还要明确目标的实际建议。 建筑决策中方案的产生，指如何在建筑规划与设计过程中发现有创造性的可选方案。在设计和整理用于解决问题的可选方案时，不要局限在有限的方案中。文中介绍了产生好方案的要点和对于众多可选方案的决策方式的类型，最后还要掌握好何时停止寻找方案的时机。 建筑决策中结果的描述，是指要明白决策带来的结果。在描述结果时，通过建立结果表来对方案进行对比。本文介绍了建立结果表的方法和如何正确、完整、精确地描述结果的技巧。 建筑决策中进行权衡的方法，是如何在多个互相冲突的目标中进行合理权衡的方法。对多个目标进行权衡时先找出并剔除被支配的方案，也就是相对于某一方案只有劣势而没有优势的方案。在剔除被支配方案后，对剩下的方案使用等效置换法来进行权衡。文中详细介绍了等效置换法的由来、核心、运用方法和技巧等。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation studies the architectural planning and design process and the solving of problems during it, comes to the conclusion that how to make better and quick decisions is the key to improving project efficiency. And then puts forward the constructive "five element" system in decision making so as to make fast decisions and improve project efficiency. It is the way of systematic thinking and decision making in architectural planning and designing. The five key elements are: problem, objectives, alternatives, consequences and tradeoffs.The decision making method this dissertation studies is the systematic and rational defining and searching process of the five key elements mentioned above, puts them all into a decision table, by means of a particular method does tradeoffs out of the elements, so that it makes the decision clear and reasonable in the architectural design and planning process. Chapter two to chapter six studies the five elements in details.Define the problems creatively and make them into opportunities during the planning and design process. Chapter three introduces the method of defining problem in decision making.Search the objectives of plan and design before making decisions. Objective is the guide to decision making. It helps to search necessary information and explain the final choice; it determines the importance of a decision and the time and energy it worthwhile taking. Be careful of some traps when search for objectives, grasp the right method of objective searching and make clear the practical suggestion of every objective.Be creative in searching for possible alternatives. Chapter four introduces the key to better alternatives and the four different types of decision making in choosing alternatives. One should know when to stop looking for more alternatives.Be ware of the consequences of every decision in the design process. Describe the consequences of each alternative in a consequence table and make compare between them. Chapter five introduces the way and skills of how to describe consequences correctly, completely and accurately.Make rational tradeoffs out of conflicting objectives. Find and rule out the dominated alternative-alternative that has only disadvantages and no advantagecompared to a certain alternative. Use Equal Effect Replacing to make tradeoffs in the alternatives left. Chapter six introduces the origin, core and skills of Equal Effect Replacing, which turns complicated decisions to simple ones.更多还原