【作者】 胡祖汉；

【导师】 于德介； 贺运初；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 机械工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 设备故障诊断技术应用于现代企业的设备维修和管理工作，创造了巨大的经济效益和社会效益，成为推进设备管理现代化的重要内容。本文在详细阐述设备故障诊断技术的研究内容、研究意义、实施关键和维修思想变迁的基础上，立足石化行业的生产实践，结合多年从事设备故障现场诊断的经验，对适合石化企业特点的设备故障诊断方法进行了应用性研究，主要内容包括： 1．研究用时基轨迹(时域波形和轴心轨迹)诊断设备常见故障，如不平衡、不对中、摩擦和油膜涡动等； 2．由于获取相位信息需要专门的硬件，所以相位分析常常被人们忽视；本文对相位的测定方法及利用相位信息诊断设备故障进行了研究； 3．介绍了振动信号的频域分析方法，研究了频域分析在设备故障现场诊断中的应用； 4．设备故障的频率特征常常与机器转速频率相关，要获取这些特征频率必须采用整周期采样技术。本文对该技术的原理和实现电路以及现场实施进行了详细介绍，在此基础上，研究了阶次谱分析的应用和设备启停过程的瞬态分析； 5．要对企业所有重要设备实施在线监测不仅成本巨大，而且没有必要，设备诊断和维修管理工作更多靠离线式巡检系统来完成，因此，本文对适合石化企业特点的巡检式设备故障诊断系统进行了研究，设计了系统的的总体结构和软硬件方案，提出了数据库的建立思想； 6．将诊断理论和方法应用到生产实践，介绍了一个诊断实例，验证了理论和方法的正确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the fault diagnosis technology of equipments applies to the management and maintaince of equipments, it has brought enormous economic and social benefits to us and became an important matter in promoting the modernization of the equipment management. Based on detailed research content research significance implementary key and the development of maintaince thought established in the production practice of petrochemical industry ,and combined with the experience that has been got by us in engaging in the fault diagnosis of equipments for many years, this paper carries through application researches for the method of fault diagnosis that suits to the equipments of petrochemical corporations, and its primary contents include the following points.1. Using the time base locus (the time domain waveshape and the axes locus) to diagnose the common faults, such as imbalance unalignment friction and oil membrane whorl;2. Researched the mensuration method of phase analysis and discussed how to diagnose the faults using phase information;3. Applied the frequency domain analysis to the locale fault diagnosis;4. The frequency characters of the fault of equipments are often related to the rev frequency. If we need to obtain these frequency characters, we must adopt the full periods sampling technology. This paper introduces the principle the realization electrocircuit and the locale implement of the technology. Based on this, one can realize the phase spectrum analyses and the transient analyses of equipments;5. If we actualize on-line inspection to all important equipments, its cost will be high and this is unnecessary. We always depend on off-line polling system to accomplish the fault diagnosis and the maintainment. So this paper researched the fault diagnosis system of the polling equipments, designed the general structure and the software-hardware project of the system and brought forward the establishment of the database;6. This paper applied the theory and method of the diagnosis to the production practice, introduced a diagnosis example and validated the correctness of the theory and method.更多还原