【作者】 张德见；

【导师】 魏先勋； 曾光明；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，国内外城市污水处理厂的数量和规模都迅速增长，然而在处理污水的过程中会产生大量剩余的污泥，并且污泥的储存、处理和处置过程中均可能危害环境，污泥的管理已成为一个世界性的社会和环境问题。本研究提出将城市污水厂污泥通过一定的手段改制成一种高效吸附剂并应用于重金属离子、二氧化硫等有害物的治理过程中。 本课题主要针对污泥衍生吸附剂的制备条件及制备工艺进行研究，采用正交试验与单因素试验相结合的方法得到制取污泥衍生吸附剂的最佳条件，利用相关的物理、化学的方法对吸附剂的性能进行测定。探索该吸附剂吸附溶液中Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺的应用，利用污泥衍生吸附剂吸附模拟的二氧化硫烟气，研究影响二氧化硫去除效率和吸附容量的因素，研究二氧化硫在污泥衍生吸附剂中的吸附机理。 实验结果表明，在一定的升温速率下，污泥热解存在3阶段的失重过程，每一阶段的热解机理不同，但都符合一定热解模型。污泥衍生吸附剂孔径分布比较均匀，且大都在0.1～0.4μm之间，属于微孔和过渡孔，其中微孔占大部分。其表面物理化学性能如下：真密度2.8g／cm³；视密度0.54g／cm³；比表面积298m²／g；比孔容积0.729g／cm³；孔隙率0.807；微孔容积0.528g／cm³。 污泥衍生吸附剂对溶液l中金属离子如pb²⁺、Cu²⁺具有很好的去除作用，其吸附容量分别6.18mg／g、4.20mg／g。污泥衍生吸附剂吸附pb²⁺的活化能为Ea=26.5KJ／mol，吸附的频率因子Ko=6900S^-1。非线性拟合求得的pb²⁺等温吸附方程模型参数比较可靠。污泥衍生吸附剂对气体中的二氧化硫具有较好的去除效果。在吸附剂含水率3g／10g吸附剂，烟气流量300L／h，二氧化硫进口浓度1500ppm，吸附剂用量为30g的条件下，二氧化硫的吸附容量为60mg／g。更多还原

【Abstract】 In resent years, the quantity and the scale of municipal wastewater treatment plants in both domestic and aboard are increasing rapidly. During the disposal of wastewater, large amounts of sludge are produced; furthermore, the process of storage, treatment as well as disposal of sludge may pollute the nature environment, which becomes one of the social and environmental problems throughout the world. This paper proposes a useful method to utilize the excessive sludge to make up effective adsorbent for adsorbing poisonous substances such as heavy metals in wastewater and sulfur dioxide in polluted atmosphere.The main subject of this paper is to study the making condition and the making process of the sludge ramification adsorbent. The optimum condition is found by the method combining orthogonal experiment with single-factor ones, and the capability of the adsorbent is measured with certain physical and chemical methods. This adsorbent is used to adsorb Pb2+and Cu2+ in simulated wastewater as well as sulfur dioxide in simulated flue gas, and the influencing factors of the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity to sulfur dioxide as well as the adsorption mechanism are also studied.The experiment results show that at certain rising-rate of the temperature, the process of sludge pyrolysis can be divided into 3 stages, and the phrolysis mechanism of each stage fits to certain pyrolysis model. The dimension distribution of the aperture on the surface of the adsorbent belongs to micropore and mesopore, varying from 0.1 to 0.4 um. The physical and chemical characteristic of the surface of adsorbent are as follows: real density 2.8 g/cm , inspective density 0.54 g/cm , special surface area 298m2/g, special porosity 0.729 g/cm3, hole ratio 0.807, microporosity 0.528 g/cm3.The sludge ramification adsorbent has perfect effect on removing heavy metal ion in water solution, such as Pb2+ and Cu2+, and the adsorption capacity is 6.18mg/g and4.20mg/g, respectively. The activation energy for adsorbing Pb2+ is about 26.5KJ/mol, and the adsorption frequency factor is 6900S-1. The model parameters solved by non-linear fit is more credible than that by linear fit in simulating the process of Pb2+ adsorption. At the same time, the sludge ramification adsorbent also has good effect on adsorbing sulfur dioxide. On the condition that the percentage of water in adsorbent is about 3 g/lOg (adsorbent), the flux of fume gas about 300L/h, the concentration of sulfur dioxide on the inlet around ISOOppm, and the quantity ofadsorbent 30 g, the adsorption capacity of sulfur dioxide is 60mg/g.更多还原