【作者】 黄三祥；

【导师】 罗菊春；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 沙地云杉（Picea mongolica）是内蒙古赤峰地区与锡林浩特的局部地段所特有乡土树种之一，也是沙地造林的首选树种之一，对于恢复沙化土地植被具有重要的意义。但是长期以来，由于森林火灾的发生、病虫害的蔓延和经营管理不善，致使沙地云杉林遭受严重破坏，甚至达到了绝灭的边缘。但是该树种是云杉属中的特殊种，在半干旱草原中于沙地上能良好生长，有罕见的防风阻沙能力，大有在半干旱区甚至干旱区引种推广的必要。因此，通过对沙地云杉的生态学特性及引种进行研究，找出沙地云杉育苗和引种造林方面的限制因子，为科学育苗和引种推广提供科学的方法和依据，为我国沙化地区的生态恢复起到指导作用。 本文根据生态学野外调查、试验地试验和苗圃地的试验观测，对沙地云杉的生态学特性、播种育苗技术及引种方面进行了较为系统的研究。得出以下基本结论。 （1） 沙地云杉天然更新幼苗、幼树呈群状分布，且死亡率高。灰色关联分析表明：枯枝落叶层厚度（r₇）、下木盖度（r₃）以及腐殖质层厚度（r₆）对沙地云杉林天然更新影响最大，其关联度依次达到了0.749、0.746和0.678；海拔高度（r₂）和坡度（r₁）关联度分别为0.615，0.621，与天然更新的关联度最小，对其天然更新基本没有什么影响。 （2） 沙地云杉的年生长节律是苗高生长主要集中在6月下旬至7月初，径生长主要集中在5月中旬到8月下旬，基本是以集中高生长为先，高生长明显减缓或接近停止后，它的径生长才开始生长为特点。苗高和地径生长都服从Logistic方程，苗高生长Logistic曲线方程为：y=100／(1+3154.862e^0.30835t)，地径生长的Logistic曲线方程为：y=100／(1+1.8174e^-0.01992t)。 （3） 沙地云杉苗木性状相关分析表明：各性状之间存在很大的相关性。通过摘要测定苗木的苗高和地径来估测苗木的其它性状，尤其是苗木生物量具有较高的精度。因此可以利用苗高和地径来进行苗木分级，但是也应适当考虑主根长和侧根数等其它性状。 （4）研究结果表明，沙地云杉苗木从原产地白音敖包向东部的通辽市，以及西部的伊金霍洛旗引种是十分成功的，但是由于时间有限，目前还不能下定论。而且由于时间紧迫，现在刚向宁夏自治区和陕西榆林地区引种，观察沙地云杉在更大范围、更为干旱引种区的表现。不同立地的造林试验表明，沙地云杉在退化沙地成活率高，适合在退化比较严重的沙地生长，因而可以作为“三北”防护林的主要造林树种加以发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Picea mongolica, which is a characteristic and one of the first afforestation tree species in Inner Mongolia, plays a great role at the vegetation recovery in the desertfied areas. For a long time, owing to forest fire, pests and ill management, the Picea mongolica forests suffered serious destroying, and almost reached the edge of distinction. So, in order to provide scientific afforestation methods and guideline, it is rather necessary to introduce and popularize Picea mongolica in arid and semiarid regions.This dissertation focuses on the ecological characteristics, breeding techniques and introduction research on Picea mongolica. The results are as follows:(1) The seedlings and young trees take on a cluster distribution with a high, mortality. The grey relevancy analysis shows that the main factors that influence the natural regeneration are the litter layer thickness, the coverage of shrubs and the humus layer, and that the relevancy degree is 0.749, 0.746 and 0.678 respectively. The altitude and slope degree nearly had no effect on the natural regeneration whose relevancy degree was only 0.615 and 0.621 respectively.(2) The annual growth rhythm of Picea mongolica. seedling is that its height isfollowed by diameter growth. The height growth mainly occurred from the last ten days of June to early July, while its diameter growth occurred from the middle ten days of May to the last ten days of August. The equation of height growth is and the equation of diameter growth is (3) The correlation analysis of different seedlings traits shows that different traits have significant correlation. The seedlings height and ground diameter can be used to estimate the other traits, especially for the seedlings biomass with a high precision. Therefore, seedlings height and ground diameter can be used to classify seedlings. But other traits has to be considered properly , for example, the main root length, the number of the lateral roots, and so on.(4) The research demonstrated that the introduction of Picea mongolica from Baiyinaobao to Tongliao city and to Yijinhuoluo county was very successful. The afforestation experiments revealed that the survival rate in degraded sandy land is the highest, which demonstrates that this tree specie adapted to serious degenerative sandy lands. So , it can be developed as one of the main afforestation tree species for "Three North" protection project.更多还原