【作者】 王涛；

【导师】 许志春； 骆有庆； 温俊宝；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 在宁夏选取27块有代表性的不同配置模式的林分作为试验地，进行了光肩星天牛(简称天牛)种群动态的研究，提出了反映天牛总的危害状况的综合危害指标；并建立了随时间变化的天牛危害动态模型，得出不同配置模式的林分中天牛不同危害指标的空间格局和动态扩散规律。具体结果如下： 1．树干解析结果表明：受天牛危害的3种模式林分中，新疆杨和复叶槭以17：1比例配置的混交林中，新疆杨总材积生长量和单位面积材积总生长量均最大。说明在纯林中配置一定比例的诱饵树(合作杨或复叶槭)，能够对新疆杨起到不同程度的保护作用，使其生长量有不同程度的提高。 2．分析不同配置模式林分中不同树种的树高和胸径与其受害状况关系，发现诱饵树和目标树种的胸径超过3cm，且树高超过3m时，光肩星天牛才会对其产生危害。 3．首次提出反映不同树种受天牛危害状况的综合危害指标，并以综合危害指标大小评价多树种配置模式的优劣，IDI越小该模式越好。 4．建立了合作杨和新疆杨的生长和受害动态模型，通过模型可以预测在相同立地条件和受害条件下，不同配置林分中合作杨和新疆杨到一定年限时的生长和受害状况。 5．通过对不同样方大小的变异曲线图的比较得知：在一定范围内，空间依赖型距离、基台值和空间连续性强度均不随样方大小而变化。其中，空间依赖性距离和基台值均随样方增大而减小，局部空间连续性强度随样方的增大而增大。 6．应用地统计学方法对不同配置模式林分(8年生)中天牛全方向上的空间变异研究表明：天牛刻槽数、排粪孔数和羽化孔数在同一林分中表现为相同的分布型，但各危害指标空间依赖性范围和空间连续性强度不同。新复混交林和合作杨纯林中均表现为聚集型分布，而新疆杨和合作杨以1：1比例混交的林分中则呈均匀分布。对新复混交林不同方向上天牛种群空间异质性研究表明：刻槽数和排粪孔数在45°与90°方向各向同性，其它方向的刻槽数和排粪孔数以及所有方向的羽化孔数均为各向异性。 7．分析不同配置模式林分(3年生)中综合危害指标的空间异质性随时间变化情况，发现在1：3配置模式的林分中，综合危害指标从8～10月其聚集强度增强，聚集范围没有发生变化。1：9配置模式则不同，其聚集强度增强，且聚集范围扩大。1：3配置模式优于1：9。更多还原

【Abstract】 27 representative plots of disposal model with different tree were sampled in Ningxia for the study on population dynamics of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Asian Longhorned Beetle, ALB). The integrated damage index (IDI) reflecting the general damage status of ALB was offered. Furthermore, the dynamic models for ALB’s damage were established. Spatial pattern and dispersal rules of damage indexes in different forest stands were educed. The results were described as follows:1. The conclusions were drawn in the experiment of stem analysis that the total growth of timber volume of individual P. alba var. pyramidalis and that of per ha. were both the largest in the mixed forest of Populus alba var. pyramidalis and Acer negundo in the ratio of 17:1, which indicated that forests disposalling luring trees in a certain proportion were more resistant to ALB. Luring trees protected Populus alba var. pyramidalis from the damage by ALB, and increased their growth to certain extent.2. Study on the relationship between the height & DBH of different tree species and the damage by ALB in stands of different disposal showed that when the DBH of luring trees and target trees were over 3 cm and the height of them over 3 m, they could be damaged by ALB.3. The IDI reflecting the general damage by ALB was put forward for the first time, and the disposal model was evaluated by the IDI. The less the IDI was, the better the disposal model was.4. Models reflecting the growth and the damage dynamics of P. alba var. pyramidalis and Populus opera were established, and it offered a method to forecast the growth and damage status of P. alba var. pyramidalis and Populus opera of different disposal in the same conditions and at the same ages.5. Comparing the variograms at different grid size, it was found that the dependence range did not change with grid side length within some limit. The range and the sill both reduced with grid size, while the intensity of local spatial continuity enhanced with grid size.6. Study on the omnidirectional spatial variance of ALB in stands (8-year-old) of different disposal indicated that the numbers of incisions, frass holes and emergence holes presented the same spatial distribution in the same stand, while the spatial dependence range and local spatial continuity were different. The ALB populations presented aggregation distribution in both the pure stand of Populus opera and the mixed stand of P. alba var. pyramidalis and A. negundo, however, they showed random or uniform distribution in the mixed forest of Populus opera and P. alba var. pyramidalis in the ratioof 1:1. Study on spatial variance pattern of ALB in different directions showed that incisions and frass holes were of the same spatial pattern in 45 and 90 directions(Set east as 0, counterclockwisely ), while incisions and frass holes in other directions varied in spatial pattern. Additionally, the emergence holes in every direction are anisotropic.7. The spatial heterogeneity of IDI of ALB in different disposal stands (3-year-old) were studied and the results showed that in the mixed forest ofPopulus opera and P. alba var. pyramidalis in the proportion of 1:3, the intensity of local spatial continuity of IDI enhanced from August toOctober, but the spatial dependence range of IDI did not change. However, local spatial continuity and spatial dependence range of IDI of ALB were increased in the mixed stands of Acer negundo and Populus alba var. pyramidalis in the ratio of 1:9. Conclusion could be drawn that disposal model in the ratio of 1:3 is better than that in 1:9.更多还原