【作者】 吴斌；

【导师】 陈学英； 骆有庆； 温俊宝；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文根据宁夏引黄灌区自然环境和社会经济概况及试验区的具体情况，选择了农田防护林网的6种典型配置模式，依据综合性、主导性和实用性原则，建立了具有地区特色的多树种合理配置控制杨树天牛灾害综合效益的评价指标体系。 依据刻槽数、排粪孔数和羽化孔数作为抗虫效果指标，反映杨树天牛不同虫期的危害状况。研究结果表明：随着诱饵树比例的增加，目标树种的抗虫效果逐渐增加，但当诱饵树比例达到一定的值后，随着诱饵树比例的增加，目标树种的抗虫效果没有表现出明显的差异。所以，诱饵树比例与目标树种的抗虫效果并不呈正比关系，而是存在着诱饵树比例的限值。 采用静态分析与动态分析相结合的方式，运用多种评价方法分析不同模式的经济效益，并进行敏感性分析，增加了评价效果的准确性和合理性。结果表明：目标树种、非寄主树种与诱饵树混交模式的经济效益优于目标树种与非寄主树种的混交模式，目标树种纯林经济效益最差。其中“65％目标树种+25％非寄主树种+10％诱饵树”配置模式的农田林网经济效益最佳且抗风险能力最强。 采用以时间序列代替空间序列的方法，根据当地不同时期造林树种模式的不同，收集相关资料，对不同树种配置模式所产生的6种生态效益指标进行比较。从总体上看，多树种林网配置明显优于单一树种林网的配置模式。 依据问卷调查与层次分析法相结合的方式分析9种社会效益指标，结果表明：“目标树种+非寄主树种+诱饵树”的配置模式社会效益最好，而单一的目标树种纯林模式已不被群众接受。 根据抗虫效果及其经济效益、生态效益和社会效益指标，采用目前国内外通行的多目标灰色局势决策方法，首次全面地对其综合效益进行评价。旨在从定量的角度，选择一种最优的树种配置模式，在解决杨树天牛灾害的基础上，达到综合效益最佳。研究结果表明：“65％目标树种+25％非寄主树种+10％诱饵树”模式的综合效益最佳，评价决策值为0.948，既达到了控制杨树天牛灾害的目的，又保证了综合效益的最大化；而目标树种纯林模式的综合效益最低，评价决策值仅为0.3692。 依据多树种合理配置抗御杨树天牛灾害理论及其不同模式综合效益评价结果，通过对相同立地条件不同模式不同树龄树种的树干解析，调查树木生长状况和天牛危害情况，分析各因素之间的相关关系，找出合理的诱饵树配置比例应在7.093％到25％之间。首次提出了控灾阈值的概念，并初步确立了杨树天牛灾害的控灾阈值模型，可以指导多树种合理配置在实际工作中的应用。该模型可根据人们对目标树的用材目的、诱饵树危害损失程度及其轮伐期不同而发生变化，具有动态性和灵活性。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the natural environment, social conditions and situation of experimental field of the irrigated areas in "Ningxia, six types of configuration patterns with different tree species in farm windbreak were chosen to evaluate the integrated benefit of withstanding Poplar Long-horned Beetle (PLB) disaster with different tree species configuration, and the evaluation index system was also established.The anti-pest indexes including the number of impressions, frass holes and emergence holes, were used to evaluate the damaging degree of PLB in different periods. The result showed that anti-pest effect of target trees increased as the proportion of bait trees increasing. But on the other hand, it wasn’t obviously different by the proportion of bait trees increasing, when the proportion of target trees attained to certain degree. So, the proportion of bait trees was not direct proportion to that of target trees and had certain limitation.By the method of combining the static and dynamic analysis, many methods were used to analyze economic benefit and its sensibility to increasing the veracity and rationality. The result showed that the pattern of "target trees + non-host trees+ bait trees" was better than the pattern of "target trees+ non-host trees", and the benefit of the pure target trees was the worst. The best one of economic benefit and the ability of anti-risk was "65 % target trees+ 25 % non-host trees+ 10 % bait trees".The ecological benefit in configuration patterns with different tree species were evaluated and compared with six types index system. As a whole, results showed that the multi- tree species configuration pattern was the optimum compared with that of the pure tree species.Analyzed 9 kinds of index of social benefit, it indicated that the best pattern was "target trees+ non-host trees+ bait trees" , but the pure trees pattern was not accepted by most farmers.Multi-target grey strategy decision method was taken to study integrated benefit of different tree species patterns. The result was that the pattern of "25 % target trees+ 25 % non-host trees+ 10 % bait trees" was the best. The threshold value was 0.948 which not only can resist PLB disaster, but also can assure optimized integrated benefit. However, that of the pure target trees was lowest and its threshold value was only 0.3692.Based on the theory of withstanding PLB disaster with different tree species configuration, the conclusion of evaluation and factors analysis of the target trees and bait trees, it concluded that rational proportion of bait trees was 7.093% - 25%. It also educed the concept and the model of withstanding disaster threshold of PLB disaster originally, which could instruct and apply to practical work. The model that was dynamic and flexible could be modulated by varying requests to target trees, damage degree of bait trees and rotation period.更多还原