【作者】 张丽；

【导师】 王秀茹；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 黑河流域水资源短缺，下游生态退化严重，危及区域的生态安全，生态需水问题研究迫在眉睫。黑河流域下游几乎不存在有效降水供植被等消耗，其生态系统依赖于地下水维持平衡，其生态需水包括维持其天然绿洲生态系统不再退化需要的水量以及为改善该地区生态环境状况，保护与恢复下游绿洲生态所需要的生态恢复水量。 在Arc GIS平台上利用20世纪80年代和2000年的遥感影像分析下游景观格局的演化趋势，研究表明流域下游荒漠化程度远远大于绿洲化强度，生态恢复与保护势在必行。采用空间决策方法，结合研究区域水资源状况，在黑河水量调度方案条件和一定保障措施下，流域下游天然绿洲整体景观格局达到20世纪80年代初期规模。 论文结合生态保护目标，从天然绿洲生态需水、水域生态需水和恢复地下水位生态需水三个方面，在地表配水影响区域范围内，以月为基本时间尺度，采用阿维里扬诺夫潜水蒸发模型公式计算下游生态需水量，剖析下游生态需水的时空分异，得到流域下游不同水平年不同生态恢复目标生态需水量，为水资源合理配置提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study of ecological water demand is very important for the shortage of water resources and the severity of ecology degradation and the endanger of ecology safety in the lower reaches of Heihe River. Little efficient precipitation in the lower reaches of Heihe River is supplied to natural vegetations. While its ecosystem is depend on the underground water to maintain the balance. The ecological water demand in the lower reaches of Heihe River includes the water amount to maintain the stability of natural oasis ecosystem and to improve statue of ecoenviroment and protected oasis ecology.Based on the panel of Arc GIS, using the remote sensing image of 1980s’ and 2000 year, the degradation tendency of landscape pattern in the lower reaches of Heihe River is analyzed. The study is showed that intensity of desertification is much more than that of oasis. Ecology protection and restoration in the lower reaches of Heihe River is imperative. According to the water resources of study area, the method of special decision-making is applied to set the target of ecology protection and restoration in the lower reaches of Heihe River based on some ensure measures and the scheme of water allocation, the landscape pattern of natural oasis in the lower reaches of Heihe River reaches the scale of the initial of 1980’.According to the target of ecology protection and restoration and considering month as temporal scale, the ecological water demand of natural oasis, of water area and of underground table is analyzed in the area of surface water allocation: The formula of phreatic evaporation model is applied to compute the water demand. The ecological water demands of different targets of ecology protection and restoration of different level yearin the lower reachers of Heihe River are put forward, which provide the scientific gist for rational water resources allocation.更多还原