【作者】 谭德远；

【导师】 刘玉军； 郭泉水；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 植物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在宏观上从群落生态角度系统地研究了我国西北地区采挖和人工接种肉苁蓉对梭梭群落及其生境的影响，在微观上从生理生态角度揭示了其影响机理。旨在为国家制定有效保护和合理开发珍稀药用植物资源及其生境管理决策提供科学依据，并为进一步研究多年生寄生植物与寄主之间的相互关系奠定基础。 研究结果表明：1．在梭梭根部采挖或接种肉苁蓉，对梭梭林下植被和梭梭的天然更新都会产生较大影响，其影响程度因生境不同而异。总的表现为：在接种样方内，接种后的林下植被总盖度和分种盖度减少约50％，物种多样性降低约3％～13％，生态优势度提高约2％～3％，林分生物量减少约25.2％～55.7％，植株个体总量减少约26％～53％，梭梭天然更新幼苗幼树减少40％～75％；对不同生境类型的梭梭群落而言，每接种1公顷，林分生物量减少6.0％～19.0％，林下植物个体总量减少约5％～49％，梭梭天然更新幼苗幼树减少3.8％～24.2％。2．被肉苁蓉寄生的梭梭，树高、地径和冠幅普遍小于没有寄生肉苁蓉的梭梭，且个体生长差异较大；当年生枝的生长量较小。单株平均生物量约减少49％，当年生枝、两年生以上的活枝、主干、根系等分别降低约22％、9％、2％、15％。3．采挖肉苁蓉后不回填，对梭梭根际周围的土壤水分将产生较大影响。距采挖穴壁45cm和距地表10～30cm的土壤范围内水分影响最为明显；采挖后立即回填，能够在一定程度上减少根际周围土壤水分的过多损失。4．在整个测定期间，不同处理的梭梭清晨水势表现出：采挖肉苁蓉后回填采种穴的梭梭＞寄生有肉苁蓉而不进行采挖的梭梭＞没有寄生肉苁蓉的梭梭＞当年采过肉苁蓉种子的梭梭＞采挖肉苁蓉后不进行回填的梭梭。水势日变化表现为对照与采种呈单峰曲线，接种处理日变化较小，而采挖回填或不回填处理最早达最低值。采收肉苁蓉种子后，梭梭同化枝的相对含水量会明显上升，束缚水与自由水比值逐步下降；但采挖处理，梭梭仍保持较高的束／自比。5．梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生后，其叶绿素、可溶性蛋白下降、硝酸还原酶活性影响不显著；脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量升高，细胞膜透性增大，SOD、POD活性增强，但CAT变化较为复杂。采收肉苁蓉种子后，梭梭的各项指标均能恢复到未寄生肉苁蓉的梭梭水平；而采挖肉苁蓉，对梭梭的各项生理生化指标的影响不同，原因是采挖肉苁蓉，虽然解除了与寄主梭梭的寄生关系，但在采挖过程中，寄主梭梭的根系暴露，根际的微环境也同时遭到了一定程度的破坏，因此梭梭的各项生理生化指标更容易受到外界环境因子的干扰而发生错综复杂的变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper studied macroscopically the effect of digging and planting artificially Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma on Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge community and its habit in northwest China from the aspect of community ecology and revealed mechanism microscopically from physio-ecological characteristics, in order to offer our country the scientific theory to protect effectively and explore rationally rare and endangered medical plant resources and manage its habit. Besides, These researches established cornerstone to study further interaction between parasites and host plants.The results showed that (1) digging or planting artificially Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma influenced on both undergrowth vegetation and H. ammodendron Bunge natural regeneration greatly. Although its effect varies with different habits, the sequence was identical. After planting Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma artificially, In the inoculation plots , either total or species coverage almost reduced by 50%, species diversity indexes reduced from 3% to 13%,the ecological dominance of H. ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge community increased from 2% to 3%,the biomass of undergrowth vegetation decreased from 25.2% to 55.7% ,the quantities of undergrowth vegetation reduced from 26% to 53% and the amounts of H. ammodendron Bunge seedlings reduced from 40% to 75%. In H. ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge community, the biomass of undergrowth vegetation decreased from 6.0% to 19.0%,the quantities of undergrowth vegetation reduced from 5% to 49% and the amounts of//. ammodendron Bunge seedlings reduced from 3.8% to 24.2%. (2) After planting Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma artificially on H. ammodendron Bunge and collecting its seeds, the most height, surface diameter and crown size of H. ammodendron Bunge were smaller than these of CK. There were more differences in height, surface diameter and crown size among the individuals. Compared with CK, The total biomass of//, ammodendron Bunge with planting Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma artificially and collecting its seeds reduced by 49 %, biomass of its new branches decreased by 22%, its two-year and excess two-year branches biomass decreased by 9%, its trunk biomass decreased by 2% and its root biomass decreased by 15%. (3) If pit of digging Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma was not covered with soil, the soil water round pit was effected greatly, especially to which distance from pit was about 45cm and the depth of the earth’s surface was 30cm. If pit of digging Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma was covered with soil immediately, the loss of soil water round root of Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge would be reduced significantly. (4) During the experiment, Changes of predawn water potential of H, ammodendron (C.A.Mey) Bunge in different treatments showed H. ammodendron (C.A.Mey)Bunge (pit of digging Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma was covered with soil)> H. ammodendron (C.A.Mey)Bunge (planted artificially Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma successfully ,but it is still in the soils)>CK> H. ammodendron (C.A.Mey) Bunge (planted artificially Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma successfully and collected its seeds)> H. ammodendron (C.A.Mey)Bunge (pit of diggingCistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma was not covered with soil). Water potential daily course of H. ammodendron (C.A.Mey)Bunge in different treatments displayed that CK and H. ammodendron (C.A.Mey)Bunge (planted artificially Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma successfully and collected its seeds) were one-peaked curve, its change of H, ammodendron (C.A.Mey)Bunge (planted artificially Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma successfully ,but it is still in the soils) was slight, but its change of H, ammodendron (C.A.Mey)Bunge (Either pit of digging Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma was covered with soil or not covered with soil) went down earlier than others. After the seeds of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma were collected, The relative water content in assimilative shoot of H, ammodendron (C.A.Mey) Bunge rose significantly and ratio value between bound water content and free water content(BW/FW)更多还原