【作者】 杨洁；

【导师】 王芝银； 尚彦军；

【作者基本信息】 西安科技大学 ， 岩土工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 花岗岩风化壳广泛分布于华南沿海地区，是我国南方红色风化壳的重要组成部分。在岩土工程、地质工程、环境工程等学科中普遍受到重视。究其原因在于：花岗岩本身属坚硬岩石，工程力学性质极好；可是，在气候、地形、地貌、生物等风化作用影响下形成的花岗岩风化壳物理、力学强度差异很大。剖面上，从上部完全看不见原岩结构的残积土到下部有少量风化裂隙的微风化岩，再到底部新鲜原岩，其结构、物质组成、工程力学性质都有很大变化。我国专家、学者从物质组成（矿物成分及含量、氧化物成分及含量、微量元素含量等）、结构（粒度成分和孔隙、结构面等）、物理（密度、含水量等）、力学（压缩性、抗压强度、击实性等）和工程特性等不同学科角度对分布在不同地区，涉及不同工程的花岗岩风化壳已经进行了大量研究。但由于风化壳的分带性和分带指标的不统一，这些研究成果没有被很好的利用起来建立区域上可进行对比的规范或标准，造成大量重复性研究的出现。 针对以上问题，本文通过文献、资料收集；野外考察、采样；室内物质组成、结构和力学试验等工作，尝试找出花岗岩风化壳各风化带岩土工程参数的区域变化特征。为此，本文首先系统归纳和总结了花岗岩风化壳多方面研究成果，诸如：风化壳发育的区域规律、风化壳分带及其标准、风化壳基本工程地质性质、风化土地基承载力与稳定性评价、风化土边坡稳定性与地质环境灾害等。其次，利用已有成果分析了花岗岩风化壳各风化带的地带性和区域性，并对重要剖面进行了室内试验分析。最后，利用较为成熟的Access关系型数据库软件设计花岗岩风化壳区域岩土特征信息（包括物质组成、结构、物理和力学特性等）数据库。该数据库以地区和地层的岩土工程特征参数的录入和查询为主要功能。 <WP=3>更多还原

【Abstract】 Weathering granite is distributed in most surface areas of the southeast China. They, as one constitute part of the red weathering crust in south China, are paid more attention by experts and scholars in geotechnical engineering, engineering geology and environmental geology. The main reason is that, granite without weathering is hard massive rock with favorable engineering geological properties, but its strength is sharply decreased with progressive weathering. The strength varies to a large extent in different regions and location of profiles due to weathering grades are influenced by climate, landform, biology, etc.. In one profile, residual soils without parent rock structures on the uppermost, rocks with more fissures and fracture in the mid-section and fresh rocks with few fractures are in the bottom.Previously most researches on weathering crust were carried out in different regions with aims at different projects. The researches deal with subjects of chemical components and mineral contents, microstructures, physics and mechanics. But nearly all of the researches are dispersed and independent, and the regulation of result variations in area is paid less attention. These shortages were associated with various but disagreement standards of weathering grades, with much more parameters or indices, which are artificial identified or lack of strict tests in standards. Through collecting data, filed investigation and laboratory tests on aspects such as chemical components, physical and mechanical properties, this paper was tried to solve the problems as presented above. Main aim of this research is to reveal the variation regulation of <WP=5>mechanical index in this region. The research works include literatures (about 300 pieces) review and collection into about 5 research bearings. They are the study on weathering granites in regions, the weathering degrees and the standards of classification, the basic engineering geological properties of weathered granites, the bearing capacity of the foundation and the stability of the slope (cut slope and nature slope), and the geological and environmental hazards. Then, a database of the weathering crust information about region and the profiles was set up using the database software with relation model-Access2000. The main function of the database is to query various index and their variations. Based on this, a brief analysis was carried out on regulation of variations in areas and profiles for the weathered granites.更多还原