浅谈我国选举制度及其完善

【作者】 井慧宝；

【导师】 沈开举；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 法律， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 选举制度是伴随着近代民主制度的形成出现的，在国家的整个民主制度中居于基础性的地位。一个国家选举制度的民主程度和完善程度，既表明了人民在这个国家中所居于的主人翁地位实现的程度，也从基本的方面决定和影响着一个国家整个民主制度的内容和品质。因此上，近代各国，无论是属于资本主义的性质，还是社会主义的性质，都将选举制度作为国家民主制度不可缺少的组成部分来建设，并在社会发展和进步的过程中通过完善和发展选举制度来发展和完善本国的民主制度。在这个意义上，我们可以从一个国家选举制度的健全和完善程度，来对一个国家民主制度的状况做一个总体上的评价。 我国正在建立社会主义的市场经济体制和建立社会主义的法治国家，在这个伟大的历史进程中，我们国家的政治、经济关系将会随之发生深刻的变革。在这个伟大的历史变革时期，民主制度的发展和完善将是一个不容忽视的内容。正是基于这种认识，本人选择了我国选举制度的发展完善作为论文题目，结合我国社会转型和变革时期的需要，谈谈在选举制度完善方面个人的一些体会和认识。 本文从分析选举制度的基本特征入手，来探讨选举制度所具有的内涵和功能，出发点在于使我们在思想认识上对选举制度所具有的基本特点、在整个国家民主制度中的地位等有一个宏观的了解，明确选举制度具有的价值，为我们对选举制度的改革和完善提供理论上的指导。从我们国家建国以来选举的实践看，选举所具有的基本功能及所达到的目标，在我们的思想意识上并不能说是非常清楚的，在这样的情形下，我们在现实上来组织选举时，难免会具有一些盲目性，失去对选举所应当具有的基本价值的追求，使我们所进行的选举在客观上脱离了保障人民当家作主这个基本的目的，选举成为了一种纯粹的手段。如果这个问题不能从根本上得到解决，我们要进行选举制度的改革和完善将难以取得实际的效果。 对我国选举制度发展历史的考察，意在从中总结经验教训，为我们今后进行选举制度的改革完善提供借鉴。客观地讲，在新中国建立以后，为了实行和保障人民的当家作主，我们在思想上还是注重通过选举制度的完善来达到这一目的的。但主观的愿望与客观的效果并不能够达到完全的一致。其中的原因何在，我们只有通过对过去经验和教训的总结，才能从中发现。而且从一般的意义上，我国选举制度的完善必须结合我国的国情，不脱离我们国家当前的政治、经济关系的实际，这样才具有实现的可能性。否则难免会成为纸上谈兵，失去实际的意义。 那么，如何来完善我国的选举制度呢?本人认为，对我国选举制度的完善应当是全方面的，既有选举制度应遵循的基本原则方面的完善问题，也有选举的组织程序方面的完善问题。因为在我国选举制度所存在的缺陷或不足之中，不是仅仅涉及选举制度某一方面，而是几乎涉及到了我们国家选举制度的各个环节。如果我们仅仅局限于对选举制度的某一方面进行完善，很难避免犯头痛医头，脚痛医脚的错误。原因在于，如果我们不从整体上来认识和完善我国的选举制度，很可能是解决了旧的矛盾，又引发了新的间题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Electoral system appeared with the form of modem democratic system, and it is the basic of the whole democratic system in the nation. The level of democracy and perfection of one country shows the level of the realization of the people’ s starus as the nation’ s master, and it also decides and influences the contents and characters of the nation’ s democratic system.Thus,the modem countries,no matter capitalisticones or slcialist ones, all regard electoral system as the necessary part of nation’s democratic system. And during the course of social development, they develop and perfect their democratic system by perfecting and developing their electoral system. In this sense, we can make a whole evaluation on one country’s democratic system from the level of its electoral system’ s perfection.Our country is setting up the system of socialist market economy and building slcialist rule - by - law country. In this great historical course, the relation of politics, econmy will change thoroughly,and the development and pertection of the democratic system are very important. So, the author chooses the deveolpment and perfection of our electoral system as the topic of the thesis.Taking the needs of the rdforming period in consideration, the author would like to taoe about his own understanding on our electoral system. This thesis begins with analyzing the essential features of the electoral system, and tries to discuss the sonnotation and runction of it, in order to make its essential features and status in the whole country democratic to make its essential fearures and status in the whole country democratic system clear, and to show the value of it.This can provide us with theoretical insructions on reforming and perfecting our electoral system. From the practice of election since the toundation of our new country,the essential functions and object of the electi0n are not coear to us. In this siruation, we are easy to organize the election blindly in practice , and lose our pursuing to the essential vaoue of its Ibject of ensuring people’ s right to be the master of one’ s own country. If this problem cannot be resolvde, we will not achieve the result of the reforming and perfecting of the electoral system.Making an investigation on the history of our electoral system, we want to summarize experiences and lessons from it, and we can use them for reference in the course of reforming and perfecting of the electoral system. Objectively speaking, since the foundation of our new country, in Irder to carry out and erasure people’ s right to be the master of one’s own country,we teng to achieve this object by perfecting the electoral system. But the subjective wishes and object effect cannot to be unanimous. What’ s the reason? We can find it by summarizing the experiences and lessons in the past. In some sense, the perfection of our electoral system must fits to the condition of our country, and the fact of the present politics and economy relation,thus it can be realized. Or it will be nonsense.Then how to perfect our electoral system? The author thinks that the perfection of our electoral system should be all - round, ncluding the pertection on the general principles and organizational proceedings of electoral system. The defects of our electoral system exist in the links of it. If we just perfect it in certain aspect, we cannot solve the problem completely. The reason is that the development and perfection of it play a very important role both in the foundation of social market economy and constrution of the rule - by - law country. The author tries to make some predictions on these problems this thesis.更多还原