论保险诈骗罪

【作者】 赵瑞昌；

【导师】 李朝晖；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 刑法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 保险诈骗是保险领域中的一种传统性犯罪，其历史几乎与保险业一样古老，它不仅随着保险业的出现而产生，而且与保险事业同步发展，严重危及保险事业的发展。因此，为了阻止、惩罚这种犯罪，世界上大多数国家都制定了专门的法律来规范它。我国随着保险诈骗犯罪的增多，立法机关也制定了专门的法律，如《保险法》、《刑法》等，对保险诈骗罪进行规范。 保险诈骗罪是指投保人、被保险人、受益人以非法获取保险金为目的，采取虚构保险标的、保险事故及事故原因、夸大损失程度或者制造保险事故的方法，骗取保险金数额较大的行为。保险诈骗罪侵犯的客体是复杂客体，即我国的保险制度和公私财产所有权；其客观方面表现为违反《保险法》规定，用虚构事实或者隐瞒真相的方法，骗取数额较大的保险金的行为；保险诈骗罪的犯罪主体是特殊主体，即必须是投保人、被保险人或者受益人。自然人和单位均可成为本罪的主体；保险诈骗罪的主观方面只能是直接故意，并且具有非法骗取保险金的犯罪目的。 在司法实践中，应搞清保险诈骗罪与非罪的认定标准：即诈骗的数额是否较大，是否达到了法定的标准；行为人主观上是否有骗取保险金的目的。只有符合这些条件才能构成保险诈骗罪，否则就不能以犯罪论处。保险诈骗罪属结果犯，因此它存在既遂和未遂形态。如果行为人进行保险诈骗所骗取的保险金数额较大，即构成保险诈骗罪既遂；如果行为人已经着手实施犯罪，由于行为人意志以外的原因未得逞的是犯罪未遂。在认定保险诈骗罪的罪数时，要搞清是一罪还是数罪。按照《刑法》第198条第二款的规定，犯保险诈骗罪，同时又可能构成放火罪、决水罪、投毒罪、故意杀人罪、故意伤害罪、非法拘禁罪、虐待罪等犯罪时，应实行数罪并罚，而对于在实施诈骗时，伪造、变造国家机关公文证件、印章等犯罪行为则按从一重罪处断。按照《刑法》的规定：保险事故的鉴定人、证明人、财产评估人故意提供虚假的证明文件，为他人诈骗提供条件的，以保险诈骗的共犯论处。另外文章还论述了保险诈骗罪与诈骗罪、合同诈骗罪、贪污罪、职务侵占罪以及提供虚假证明文件等罪的界限，从而对保险诈骗罪有了更深的了解和认识。 文章在理论分析和司法实践的基础上，提出了一些立法和司法完善的建议。比如认为保险诈骗犯罪主体应规定为一般主体;应提高保险诈骗罪的法定刑;应完善保险诈骗犯罪的表现方式;重视罚金刑在司法中的运用;设立专门的防治保险欺诈的机构等措施，目的是希望通过立法和司法的完善，从而来减少保险诈骗的发生，使保险事业沿着正常的轨道发展，为我国的经济建设提供有力的保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 Insurance defrauding is a kind of traditional crime in the insurance domain, its history is almost as long as insurance, and it not only was born with insurance but developed with insurance, which has endangered the insurance development. In order to prevent and punish this kind of crime, most countries in the world have make special laws to control it. As insurance defrauding increased in our country, the legislative body has also made special laws such as Insurance Law, Penal Law etc. to control it.Insurance defrauding means the actions of applicants, assured and beneficiary fabricating insurance objects, insurance accidents and reason, and overstating the extent of damage or making insurance accident in order to defraud insurance compensation illegally. The objects encroached upon by the crime of insurance defrauding are complicated ones, such as insurance regulations of our country and the rights of public and private ownership. Insurance defrauding displays the violations of Insurance Law in objective side. The criminal subject of insurance defrauding is special one, which must be applicant, assured or beneficiary. Both of natural person and unit can be the subject of this crime. Insurance defrauding only can be the direct intention in subjective side and has criminal purpose by the way of defrauding insurance compensation illegally.In the practice of judicature , the prime standards believed should be clear, which belong to the crime of insurance defrauding or not, that is to say whether or not the amounts defrauded are more enough and conform to the legal standard, the behavioral persons have the intention of defrauding insurance compensation or not in subject. Only conforming with the factors above can the crime of insurance defrauding be constituted, otherwise it can not be punished as crime. The crime of insurance defrauding belongs to the result crime, so it has accomplished and attempted forms. If the behavioral person gets more insurance compensation by defrauding, it constitutes accomplished crime ofinsurance defrauding. If the behavioral person has started the crime, which is unsuccessful, not because of the reason of the behavioral person’s intention itself, it should belong to attempted crime. When the amounts of crime of insurance defrauding is believed, it should be clear that it is one crime or some crimes. When somebody commits the crime of defrauding, which perhaps has arsonist , the crime of breaching a dike , spreading poison, intentional committing homicide, intentional inflicting injury , unlawful detaining custody and mistreating at the same time, he should be punished with all the crimes according to the stipulations of No. 2 of clauses No. 198 of Penal Code. When a person carries out the defrauding, forges certificates, seals of state organs at the same time, he should be punished as the major one. The judger, certifier of insurance accident and the property evaluator supply the false certificate documents intentionally and offer the defrauding conditions, he should be punished as the accomplice of insurance defrauding according to the stipulations of Penal Code. The article also has discussed the line between the crime of insurance-defrauding and that of defrauding, contract defrauding, corruption, post invading and supplying false certificates etc, from which the crime of insurance defrauding could be understood and know ledged clearly.This article also has made suggestions of perfecting legislation and judicature on the bases of theory analyses and judicature practice. For example, the crime subjects of insurance defrauding should be stipulated as general subjects; the legal punishment of it should be enhanced; the manifestation style should be perfected; the utilizations of fine in judicature should be set up. The author hopes that this article could reduce the crime of insurance defrauding, and make the insurance develop at the normal way and supply powerful guarantee for the economic construction in our country.更多还原