当前我国就业面临的形势及对策研究

【作者】 徐保山；

【导师】 赵平安；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 行政管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 就业是民生之本。“扩大就业，促进再就业，关系我国改革发展稳定的大局，关系人民生活水平的提高，关系国家的长治久安，不仅是重大的经济问题，也是重大的政治问题”。因此，研究当前我国的就业问题具有十分重要的现实意义。 全文内容共分以下五个部分： 第一部分分析了当前我国就业面临的形势，指出当前我国就业面临的形势发生了重大变化，同时仍存在着十分突出的矛盾问题，包括就业总量矛盾问题、就业结构矛盾问题和就业体制矛盾问题，这些问题的存在导致当前我国就业形势十分严峻。 第二部分详细分析了造成当前我国就业形势十分严峻的十二项原因：1 人口基数大，新增劳动力总量多。2 就业的社会环境不宽松。3 第三产业发展不充分。4 就业空间大的中小企业发展艰难。5 大力推广非正规就业和弹性就业形式的手段乏力。6 对促进就业资金的投入不足。7 对失业者再就业能力的培训力度不够。8 劳动力市场不完善。9 法制化、制度化和专业化的就业服务体系尚未形成。10 社会保障体系不健全。11 劳动力总体素质结构不合理。12 教育体制改革滞后，人才培养结构不尽合理。 第三部分分析了严峻的就业问题对我国政治、经济和社会稳定的影响。 第四部分指出政府在解决当前我国严峻的就业问题时，应在控制失业率和新增就业机会、利用财政政策、货币政策和收入政策调控失业率、保护就业弱势群体、提供创业环境、维护就业公平、积极开发人力资本六个方面发挥积极的调控作用。 第五部分在借鉴国外就业理论的基础上，构建了我国就业政策的理论模型并结合理论模型提出了解决当前我国严峻就业问题的具体对策，主要有：1 保持适度经济增长速度，努力增加就业岗位。2 努力扩大劳务输出。3 继续控制人口增长。4 积极发展教育。5 促进农业剩余劳动力多形式多渠道转移。6 加快城镇化进程。7 完善劳动力市场，加强就业服务体系建设。8 面向劳动力市场，大力开发劳动力资源，提高劳动力整体素质。9 健全社会保障制度。10 对就业困难群体实行就业援助政策。更多还原

【Abstract】 The employment is a people’s livelihood it this." extend the employment, promote to take up employment again, relate to the our country reform the stable general situation in development, relating to the living horizontal exaltation of people, relating to grow to cure nationally long and peaceful, is not only is an important economic problem, but also important political issue". Therefore, the employment problem that studies the front the country has the very important and realistic meaning.The full text contents is divided into totally below five parts:The first part analyzed current our country employment face of situation, point out current our country employment face of the situation took place the important variety, still exists at the same time very outstanding and self-contradict problem, include the self-contradict problem in total deal in employment, employment self-contradict problem in construction with take up employment self-contradict problem in system, the sees of these problems causes current our country employment the situation is very rigorous.The second part of detailed analysis make current our country employment situation very rigorous 12 reasons:1 the population cardinal number is big, mooching add the total deal in labor force.2 the social milieu of employments do not loosen.3 the third industry develops the insufficiency.4 small business enterprise in big inside in space in employment developments are difficult.5 expand the not regular taking up employment strongly is tired with the flexibility means of taking up employment the form.6 right nesses of devotion shortage that promote takes up employment the funds.7 right nesses of men out of occupations take up employment again the training dint degree of the ability is not enough.8 labor force markets are not perfect.9 legalize, systemize the employment service system that turn to become with profession not yet. 10 societies guarantees the system is not sound. 11 total character in labor forces constructions are not reasonable. 12 after educating the system the reformation, the talented person educates the construction do not do the reasonable.The third part analyzed the rigorous employment problem to the country political, economy with social stable influence.The four-part cent points out the government at resolve the front the our country the rigorous employment problem, should at control the jobless rate with add the employment opportunities and make use of the public finance policy, currency policy to adjust to control the jobless rate and protect to take up employment the minority community and provide to start a business the environment and support the employment with income policy fair, the 6 : Positive development manpower capital develops to adjust to control the function positively.The fifth part in drawing lessons from the theoretical foundation in employment in abroad, set up the our country take up employment the combinative theories model that the theories model of the policy combine concrete counter plan puts forward the definitely current our country in understanding rigorous employment problem, having primarily: 1 keep within limit the economy increases the speed, work hard increase to take up employment the post.2 work hard to extend the rent service exportation.3 continue to control the population increase.4 positive developments educate.5 promote agriculture surplus labor force multifamily type many outlets transfer.6 quickly the town turns the progress.7 Perfect labor force market, the enhance employment service system developments.8 Faces to the labor force market, developing the labor force resources strongly, the sound society in character.9 in whole in the in force in labor in increasing guarantees system. 10 take the helping-employment strategy for the difficulty people in finding work .更多还原