WTO体制下中国法律服务业的发展

【作者】 杜巧阁；

【导师】 赵建文；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 法律， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 法律服务属于服务贸易中的专业服务，要遵守世贸组织的一揽子协议，尤其是《服务贸易总协定》。中国法律服务业面对入世后发达国家法律服务业的巨大冲击，如何在遵守国际规则的前提下，快速提高中国法律服务业在国际法律服务市场中的竞争力，日益成为中国司法界与法学界急需研究的课题之一。 本文除引言与结语外，主体共分三部分。文章从WTO体制下法律服务贸易的基本状况入手，首先从范围、主体等不同角度对WTO规则下法律服务的内涵加以界定，详细介绍了作为一种国际贸易形式的法律服务的表现形式、各国普遍存在的法律服务贸易壁垒、促进国际法律服务贸易快速发展的推动力以及WTO成员方法律服务的承诺情况。第二部分，首先对一些发达国家法律服务业的对外开放现状进行比较分析，力图全面准确地把握发达国家法律服务业的开放历程及其趋势；接着介绍了中国法律服务业的发展历程及其开放现状，以及中国法律服务市场开放的政策取向。中国法律服务业在与国际接轨时，应在遵循国际规则和顺应发展潮流前提下，充分利用GATS规则中有利于发展中国家的优惠条款，坚持适度逐步开放中国法律服务市场的原则；最后，重点分析了服务贸易自由化对中国法律服务业的影响。第三部分，逐步剖析了中国法律服务业从管理体制、律师所的发展机制到律师职业体系和律师地位等方面存在的问题。在此基础上，明确提出司法行政机关的四种职能定位、强化律师协会的行业管理职能；运用民商法学和经济学相关理论，尝试构建中国律师业实现规模化、产业化的模式选择；介绍公职律师和公司律师制度，以求完善中国律师职业体系；主张提高律师政治地位，以便于培植中国法律职业共同体。 本文创新之处：规范法律服务市场主体，改制基层法律服务所，建立以律师业为主导的统一的法律服务体系；实现中国法律服务业的产业化，形成以公司化经营为主的多元化律师所格局，建立有限责任合伙律师所、公司形式的股份制律师所，将连锁经营、混业经营、品牌化经营的经营模式理念引进中国律师所的建设体制；建立公职律师、公司律师制度以完善中国律师职业体系；通过提高律师政治地位，促进中国法律职业共同体的形成。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Legal Service is a part of Special Service Trade in WTO, so it must abide by those agreements under WTO, especially the General Agreement on Trade in Services(GATS).After China’s entry into WTO, Chinese legal service industry is in severe competition against those legal service industries from developed countries. It is increasingly urgent for Chinese judicial and jurisprudential circles to do research on how to rapidly heighten the competitiveness of Chinese legal service industry in the international legal service markets while observing the international rules.This paper is composed of five sections: the preface, the conclusion and the body, which consists of three parts. The first part mainly introduces the status quo of the Legal Service Trade in WTO. It begins with the connotation of the Legal Service and the four modes of the Legal Service Trade in WTO; then discusses those principal barriers to international service trade and WTO members’ specific commitments under the Legal Service. It focuses on analyzing the motive forces to promote the rapid development of the international legal service trade. The second part chiefly analyzes the effects the liberalization of service trade has been producing on Chinese legal service industry. Based on the comparisons of the conditions of some developed countries’ legal service markets, the thesis maintains that complying with the international rules and following the tendency in the international legal services, China should take advantage of those favorable provisions in GATS to developing country members, and hold on the principle of opening China’s legal service market appropriately and gradually. The third part is mainly about the defects in Chinese legal service industry, such as its management systems, the operating mechanisms of Chinese law firms, the lawyer professional system and Chinese lawyers’ status in China, and about the effective measures to deal with those issues mentioned above, like clearly defining the functions of Judicial and Administrative organizations in China, strengthening the professional administration of lawyers’ association, some ways to industrialize China’s legal service, introducing public lawyer and corporation lawyer systems so as to improve China’s lawyer professional system, and enhancing Chinese lawyers’ political status to make Chinese legal professional community take shape.The creative points of the thesis: the establishment of a uniform legal service system in which lawyers play the leading role and monopolize the legal services involving in appearing in court, introducing the systems of limited liability partnership law firm, joint-stock law firm, chain law firm, mixed-industry law firm and well-known brand law firm, founding the public lawyer and corporation lawyer systems to better Chinese lawyers’ professional system, raising the political status of Chinese lawyers so as to make Chinese legal professional community take shape.更多还原