中国法院调解制度的完善与发展

【作者】 牛全瑞；

【导师】 赵可星；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 民商法， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 中国调解文化源远流长。法院调解，作为中国调解体系的重要组成部分，伴随着中国社会的现代化进程而历经风雨。在跌荡起伏的改革开放大潮中，中国步入了昭显个人价值、注重私权保护的市场经济时代，并加入了WTO，许多制度实现了与世界的接轨。面对日新月异的社会形势，被誉为“传家宝”的中国法院调解制度显露出诸多弊端。对此，学术界给予了密切关注，并提出了许多对策。调解制度改革也成为中国司法改革的热点问题之一。新时期新阶段，中国的法院调解制度何去何从?本文试着对这一问题作些研究。全文共分四部分，约4.3万字。 首先，对中国的法院调解制度及其渊源进行了概述。简要介绍了中国当前的几种主要调解制度，指出了它们的区别和联系，简述了中国法院现行调解制度的主要内容及特点，介绍了中国法院调解制度的历史沿革，分析了中国法院调解制度存在的社会基础和文化背景，指明法院调解是中国传统调解文化的延续和发展。 其次，把中国的法院调解制度与域外相关制度作了比较。列举了美国、德国、日本、中国台湾等国家和地区诉讼和解、调解制度的主要内容，概括了当今世界法院调解制度的三种模式，用横向对比的方法分析了中国法院调解与域外相关制度的相同点和不同点。 其三，分析了中国现行法院调解制度存在的问题。分析了中国现行法院调解制度在结构性、技术性方面存在的弊端，指出现行法院调解实践背离立法目的、调解主体缺乏正当性支撑、调解过程缺乏程序保障、调解结果缺乏确定性、缺乏对调解的监督机制，容易诱发强制调解、久调不决、滥用调解、拖延诉讼等问题。 最后，提出了完善和发展中国法院调解制度的对策。列出了学术界关于中国法院调解制度改革的几种观点，分析了法院调解制度的比较优势，从顺应世界潮流和满足当代中国社会需求出发，阐释了法院调解制度存在的意义，简述了关于中国法院调解的博弈，指出中国法院应该构建当事入主义的调解制度，贯彻调解的自愿、合法原则，充分保障当事人的处分权，努力推进调解的程序化和制度化，完善调解的监督机制等。更多还原

【Abstract】 China mediation culture has long standing history and been well established. Court mediation, as an important component of China mediation system, goes through trials and hardship following Chinese modernization drive of society. Among bold and unconstrained reform and opening-up spring tide that rise and fall, it is clear for China to step into market economy era showing personal value and stressing private right protection, with accession to WTO, a lot of systems have been realized the integration with the world. In the face of the social situation with rapid change, the Chinese court which is praised as " family heirloom " mediates the system and manifests a great deal of drawbacks. As to this, the academia has paid and paid close attention to, and has put forward a lot of countermeasures. Mediation system reform has become one of hot questions of China’ judicial reform. In the new period and new stage, what course should the court of China mediation system follow? This text tries to do some studies on this question. The full text will be divided into four parts, about 43,000 words altogether.First of ail, summarizing the mediation system of court in China and its origin. Briefly introducing China’ present kinds of main mediation system, has pointed out their difference and got in depth, sketching the current main content and characteristics of mediation system of Chinese court, recommending the historical evolution of the system Chinese court mediation, analyzing the social base and culture background that the system exists, pointing out that court mediation is traditional continuity and development of mediating culture of China.Secondly, comparing the mediation system of the court of China with overseas relevant system. Enumerating U.S.A., Germany, Japan, Taiwan China’ main contents of system of conciliation, mediation and lawsuit, summarizing three kinds of modes of the court mediation system of our times, analyzing the horizontal method to compare the common characteristics of Chinese court mediation and difference with the overseas relevant system.Thirdly, analyzing the existing problem of the mediation system of China’ court. Expounding the structural and technical drawback of the mediation system, pointing out that the current court mediation practice deviates from the legislative purpose, mediation subject lack getting proper support, mediation course lack procedure support, mediation result lack determinacy, lack thesupervision mechanism of mediating, easily bringing out forceful mediating, delaying overcoming of the issues, abusing mediation such as lawsuit, etc.Finally, putting forward the countermeasure of perfecting and developing mediation system of China. Having listed several kinds of views about the reform of China’ mediation of court fact in the academia, analyzing the comparative advantage of the system, from the beginning of complying with the world trends and satisfying the contemporary China’s social demand, expounding the meaning of mediation system working in court, briefing the game of mediation system of China Court, pointing out Chinese court should establish party mediation system of doctrine, carry out voluntary, legal principle of mediation, fully ensure the party’s punishment right, make great efforts to advance the procedure and institutionalism of mediation , perfect supervision mechanism of mediation ,etc.更多还原