第二次印巴战争对印巴美三角关系的影响

【作者】 常利锋；

【导师】 吴宏阳；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 世界史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要研究第二次印巴战争对印度、巴基斯坦和美国三角关系的影响。印巴美三角关系是南亚国际关系中非常重要的一组关系，它以印巴对立、巴美结盟、印美接近为特征，三方互相影响、互相制约，对稳定南亚地区稳定具有一定的积极作用。在这个三角关系中，三方互有所求：印度欲借助美国来提高自身的经济实力和政治地位；巴基斯坦谋求以美国的力量来平衡印度的压力；美国则设想在其主导下以印巴美三角关系为基础，稳定南亚局势、对抗共产主义的影响和扩张。但是，苏联和中国出于不同的国家利益考虑，也先后介入南亚事务，从而对印巴美三角关系的发展变化形成了很大影响。在第二次印巴战争前夕，印巴由于卡奇和克什米尔争端，对抗情绪上升，印美之间不温不火，巴美同盟则出现不和谐因素。1965年8月，巴派武装人员渗入印控克什米尔，试图推动当地人民对印度的反抗，从而最终解决克什米尔问题，第二次印巴战争由此不宣而战。战争持续了一个半月，双方陷入僵持不下的局面。国际社会的调停与压力最终促使双方于9月23日停止交火，中国对巴基斯坦的战略策应也对战争的结束起了重要影响。在战争中，印巴美三方采取了截然不同的立场：印度决意强硬到底，坚决拒绝讨论克什米尔问题；巴基斯坦则坚持以克什米尔问题的解决作为停火的先决条件；美国从一开始就执行不直接介入、由联合国出面调停的政策。战争对印巴美三角关系产生了重要影响：印巴间的战略主动权易位，双方积怨更深；巴美关系直线下降；印美关系趋于冷淡；印巴分别更加积极地发展与苏联和中国的关系，而美国也逐渐疏离南亚。印巴美三角在维护南亚地区稳定上的作用更形削弱。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper mainly studies the impact of the second Indo-Pakistani war on the Indo-Pak- America triangle relations, which characterized by Indo-Pak confrontation, Pak-America alliance and Indo-America intimacy, interacted and had some positive effect on keeping South Asia peaceful, were one important group international relations in South Asia. They needed mutually: India hoped that USA could help it to elevate its economic strength and international status; However, Pakistan looked to resist India’s pressure with the aids of America; Nevertheless, in order to counteract the communist influence and expansion, the United States conceived to stabilize the south Asia on the basis of Indo-Pak-America relations controlled by itself. But the Soviet Union and China, on the grounds of different national interests, made their ways to South Asia, thus projected heavy impact on the Indo-Pak- America relations. In the eve of the second Indo-Pak war, Indo-Pakistani confrontation became more severely because of the conflict in Rann of Kutch and Kashmir, the Pak- America relations was not better, Indo -America luke-warm. In August, 1965, in order to solve the Kashmir dispute finally, Pakistan sent its army into Indo-controlled Kashmir, wished to provoke local people’ rebellion to India’s government. Without a formal declaration of war, the second Indo-Pakistani war started, which lasted over one month and came to a standstill. The international community’s mediation and pressure made both sides end fighting on September 23. China’s strategic favor to Pakistan also resulted great effect on ending fire. During the wartime, India, Pakistan and America adopted obviously different stances: India held up strong policy, firmly refused to discuss the Kashmir dispute; Pakistan demanded that the solution of Kashmir dispute should be the precondition of stopping fire; The USA was unwilling to mediate directly, encouraged the UN to deal with the problem. The war brought heavy impact on Indo-Pakistani-America relations: the strategic positiveness between India and Pakistan changed, their rancor became more deeply, Pak-America relation plummeted and Indo-America relation cold. India and Pakistan respectively developed the Indo-Soviet and Pak-China relations more positively; the USA gradually estranged itself from South Asia. The effect of Indo-Pak-America triangle’s maintaining regional steadiness was weakened.更多还原