格式条款规制与完善的问题研究

【作者】 晋登昆；

【导师】 赵建文；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 经济法学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 格式条款是从19世纪发展起来的。在现代社会中，合同格式条款与其他合同条款相比较具有鲜明的特点，且具功能优势，适用于经济生活的各个领域。采用格式条款订立合同，已基本成为某些行业的惯例，受到各国立法的重视。格式条款的拟定者往往为了自身利益，损害相对人的利益，格式条款与合同自由原则的冲突中表现出来的先天不足已成为格式条款规制的理论依据。为规范其运行和发展，我国《合同法》对其作了明确规定。 本文首先分析了格式条款的概念和特征；接着通过对格式条款利弊的权衡，对格式条款提供方的义务进行了探讨，并分析了格式条款中免责条款的效力认定问题。对格式条款的解释也是一个值得深入研究的课题，本文重点将我国《合同法》规定的格式条款与《国际商事合同通则》规定的标准条款加以比较，论述了标准条款和格式条款无效的具体规定。阐述了对格式条款与标准条款争议的解释原则和方法；并对格式条款存在的不足等相关问题进行了探讨。 最后，文章对世界各国格式条款的规制进行了分类，介绍了中国对格式条款规制的现状，并提出了对其进行完善的立法建议。鉴于当今社会已经进入信息时代，网络已经深入我们的日常生活，网络消费者合同多属格式合同，且多具有跨境性质。文章从保护消费者权益的角度对网络消费者合同中的格式条款规制提出了建议，对于树立消费者对电子商务的信心，促进电子商务的发展具有重要意义。文章提出了规制应遵循使消费者在网络交易中得到与其它交易条件下同等、有效的保护的原则。更多还原

【Abstract】 Standard terms have been developed since 19th century. Compared with other contract terms, standard terms have striking characteristics and functional advantages , which are extensively applied in almost every-day business-related field, and are attracting more attentions of the legislative of many countries. However, the inherent shortcoming arising from the conflict between standard terms and the principle of freedom to contract is regarded as the basis of the regulation theory. The party, who stipulates the standard terms, is usually for his own interest and by doing this will bring injury to the other party. For the reasonable utilization of standard terms, Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China pays high attention to it.This thesis firstly analyzes the concept and the characteristics of standard terms, then researchs the provider’s obligation through weighing its advantages and the disadvantages, and then analyzes how to determine the force of such kind of terms. In addition, the interpretation of standard terms is also a significant task for reseach. The thesis compares the provisions of standard terms in the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China with the stipulations of Princples of International Commercial Contracts, discusses the specific regulations abaout standard terms and the ineflectiveness of nonstandard terms. sets forth the ways and guidelines to be adopted in interpreting the conflicts between standard terms and nonstandard terms. At the same time, the thesis researches theshortcomings of standard terms and other related aspects.In the end, the thesis classifies the regulations for standard terms around the world. Inaddition to the description of the status quo of the regulations in China, the writer put forword his suggestion on how to consummate the regulations. Today we are in an information age, and Internet have become one close-tied part ofour daily life. Most of the E-commerce contracts should be classified as astandard contracts, which usually involves cross borders transactions. To regulate standard terms contained in E-commerce contracts from the view of protecting the night and interests of consumer will be of great importance to build up consumer’s confidence and to push forword the development of the E-commerce itself. The regulations should follow the principle that the consumer can get effective protection in E-commerce with equal to other businesses. On this foundation, the currently followed principles governing standard terms incorporated in consumers’ contracts should remain applicable to the network environment.更多还原