完善我国夫妻财产制的立法构想

【作者】 冯乐；

【导师】 吴洪；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 民商法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 夫妻财产制是规定夫妻之间财产关系的法律制度，是家庭正常运转和职能实现、社会稳定和发展的法律保障，一向为世界各国婚姻家庭法所重视。在我国现行婚姻法修订前后，虽然学者们关注讨论的问题很多，但基本上都只是涉及一些技术层面的内容或是对某一具体财产所有权归属的深究，而系统、完备地构筑夫妻财产制并使之具有一定前瞻性却是理论上的空缺。基于这一要求，本文运用比较研究的方法通过对夫妻财产制的历史沿革和各国立法规定的研究，并结合对现行夫妻财产制立法缺陷的分析，提出完善我国夫妻财产制的立法构想。 第一部分是夫妻财产制基础理论。作者首先对夫妻财产制的概念和基本种类、内容进行了简单介绍，并分析了夫妻财产制的立法意义在于夫妻财产关系不同于民法上一般财产关系的特性和夫妻财产制对婚姻目的、职能实现的保障功能。然后是对夫妻财产制历史演进过程的考察，作者力求从夫妻财产制历史演进过程中探索经济基础和上层建筑对夫妻财产制的影响作用，为第三部分夫妻财产制的构建提供理论上的基础。 第二部分是对我国现行夫妻财产制的评价。作者首先介绍了现行婚姻法对夫妻财产制规定的情况，指出现行夫妻财产制仍存在很多不足。主要涉及的问题有：总体结构方面，缺乏通则性规定和非常财产制的规定；法定财产制方面，根据现行婚姻法的规定，无法对知识产权财产期待利益的归属作出判断；约定财产制方面，主要存在约定时间不明确，约定形式要件不健全，约定确认程序的缺失的问题；夫妻对外责任方面存在的问题，首先是将这方面内容放在离婚一章中，造成结构安排不合理。其次没有明确哪些是夫妻个人财产，哪些是共同债务。 第三部分是本文的重点部分，是对完善我国夫妻财产制提出的新的立法构想。首先，在第一部分的理论基础上，作者提出夫妻财产制的设计应坚持的几项基本原则。其次，是对新的夫妻财产制的基本框架结构的分析。在新的框架下，建立了正常的夫妻财产制与非常的夫妻财产制相互结合的总体格局。在正常的夫妻财产制下设置了法定财产制、约定财产制、个人特有产、特别共同制四种财产制类型。非常财产制下设置了夫妻一方可申请适用非常财产制的情形和债权人可请求适用的情形。最后是在提出的夫妻财产制的基本框架的指导下，拟定了相应的法条，并对拟定法条的理由进行分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Matrimonial property regime defines the property relationship between the couple. It’s the legal protection for family and society and always regarded as an important part of family law in many countries . During the matrimonial law was being formulated , although many questions were discussed extensively ,these discussion only came down to some exterior things or dept in ascription for some property. Thus, in this paper the author by comparative method of study makes research on legal principles of matrimonial property regime and analyses the defects of our matrimonial property regime. Then, proposes the perfect legislative conceptionPart one : An Introduction to Matrimonial Property Regime .First , the author introduces the conception and the classification of Matrimonial property regime , and analyses the meaning of legislation what lies in the difference between the property relationship in the couple and the common property relationship, farther points out that matrimonial property regime has the function to ensure the aim of marriage. Second, the author reviews the development process of matrimonial property regime and explores that economic base and super construction influence matrimonial property regime in this process.Part two : The Defects and Perfects of matrimonial property regime. The author analyses the regulation in matrimonial law promulgated in 2001, then points out there are many defects involved configuration , contractual property system ,legal property system and external liability etc. In configuration, there have no special property system and principle regulation. In legal property system, we can’t judge who have the possession of expectant interest in noegenetion according to active regulation. In contractual property system, there have three defects, the first is ambiguity about when the couple can make a contract, the second defect is half-baked qualification, the third defect is there have no affirming procession. In external liability ,there have two defects. One is unfit in configuration. Another is that the regulation hasn’t distinguish common liability from indivial liability.Part three: This part is the most important in this article. The Matrimonial Property Regime of our country is conceived. On the base of theory above-mentioned the author proposes a new legislative conception . First the author proposes the article stick to some principles. Second, the author analyses the configuration of matrimonialproperty regime. The general property system and special property system form this configuration. In general property system, there have four matrimonial property regimes, including contractual property system , legal property system , individual peculiar property system and common peculiar property system. In special property system, there offer some situation when the couple or their creditor can petition the court allow the couple to apply respective property system. Finally, the author analyses the reasons for this configuration.更多还原