【作者】 琪木格；

【导师】 栗淑媛；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 动物学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 月经初潮是女性青春期性成熟过程中的一项重要标志。伴随儿童少年生长发育的长期加速，月经初潮年龄也在不断提前。目前，国内外已积累了较多的相关研究资料。几十年来我国女性月经初潮年龄呈持续提前的趋势。目前这种初潮年龄提前趋势是否尚在继续，初潮年龄是否趋向稳定，这方面的相关报道较少。本文于2002年12月在内蒙古呼和浩特地区调查了4个群体(城市蒙古族、农村蒙古族、城市汉族、农村汉族)共4666例女性的月经初潮年龄，按出生年份和初潮年份研究了呼和浩特地区女性月经初潮年龄的长期变化趋势，并分析了本次调查中4个群体来潮女性的初潮月分布和年龄分布情况。 结果显示：(1)呼和浩特地区女性的初潮年龄分布主要集中在12—13岁之间，最小8岁，最大17岁。(2)按出生年份分组，1963—1992年出生的呼和浩特地区4个群体女性的初潮年龄总的变化趋势是提前的。对1993年与2002年两次调查资料比较，近10年间，提前速度已大大减慢(提前幅度：城市蒙古族现状法2.52个月，回忆法0.60个月；农村蒙古族现状法 6.12个月，回忆法1.80个月；城市汉族现状法2.40个月，回忆法3.00个月；农村汉族现状法0.96个月，回忆法2.88个月)，提示月经初潮年龄提前趋势有停止的迹象，并且4个群体的月经初潮年龄显示逐步集中趋势。(3)按初潮年份分组，1979—2002年来潮的4个群体总的趋势是提前的，但从1988年以后，每10年提前速度仅为城市汉族2.60个月，农村汉族2.40个月，城市蒙古族0.90个月，农村蒙古族0.20个月，提前趋势也有停止的迹象，并且在2000—2002年初潮组中，4个群体的月经初潮年龄趋于一致。(4)呼和浩特地区4个群体女性月经初潮月分布具有双峰特征，且均以夏季初潮率为最高。(5)对本文调查资料用现状法统计分析得出，呼和浩特地区城市蒙古族、城市汉族、农村蒙古族月经初潮年龄小于或接近我国大城市平均水平；农村汉族月经初潮年龄小于或接近我国富裕农村平均水平。本文认为呼和浩特地区女性初潮年龄己达到或接近遗传控制的下限，月经初潮年龄已趋向稳定。更多还原

【Abstract】 Menarche is one important indicator of sexual maturity for adolescent girls. With the long-term acceleration in growth of girls, the menarche age is also constantly moving up. At present, there is a lot of relevant research documentation at home and abroad. In China, there still exists a tendency of constant moving up of the menarche age of girls whereas there are few reports on whether the tendency of constant moving up of the menarche age is still going on in the various regions or whether the menarche age tends to be stable. This article was written after the author investigated 4666 cases of menarche age in 4 groups of people (urban Mongolian ethnic group, rural Mongolian ethnic group, urban Han ethnic group, and rural Han ethnic group) in Huhhot, inner Mongolia, in December 2002. It has conducted research on the long-term variation tendency of menarche age of the female on the basis of year of birth and year of menarche. Furthermore, it has given an analysis of the month and age distribution of menarche for the menstruating women in the 4 groups under the current investigation.Result: (1) In terms of menarche age, the menarche age of the girls in Huhhot is mainly concentrated,at the age of 12-13 with the youngest at 8 and the oldest at 17. (2) On the basis of grouping as per the year of birth, the general variation tendency is that the menarche age of the 4 groups of females born in 1963-1992 in Huhhot has been moving up. However, for nearly 10 years after 1993, the speed of moving up has greatly decreased (urban Mongolian ethnic group at 2. 52 months as per the Status quo method and 0. 60 month as per the Retrospective method, rural Mongolian ethnic group at 6.12 months as per the Status quo method and 1.80 month as per the Retrospectivemethod, urban Han ethnic group at 2.40 months as per the Status quo method and 3. 00 month as per the Retrospective method, and rural Han ethnic group at 0.96 months as per the Status quo method and 2.88 month as per the Retrospective method). That indicates the ceasing of the tendency of moving up of menarche age and the tendency of gradual concentration of menarche age of the 4 groups. (3) On the basis of grouping as per the menarche year, the general tendency is that the menarche age of the 4 groups of menstruating females in 1979-2002 has been moving up. However, since 1988, the speed of moving up for each decade has been as follows: only 2. 60 months for urban Han ethnic group, 2.40 months for rural Han ethnic group, 0.90 month for urban Mongolian ethnic group, and 0, 20 month for rural Mongolian ethnic group. That indicates the ceasing of the tendency of moving up. Furthermore, of the menarche groups of 2000-2002, the menarche age of the 4 groups tends to be the same. (4) The monthly distribution of menarche of the 4 groups of females in Huhhot has shown the features of double-peaks with the highest frequency in summer. (5) As a result of statistical analysis of the data contained in this article by the Status quo method, it is indicated that the menarche age of the urban Mongolian ethnic group, rural Mongolian ethnic group and urban Han ethnic group in Huhhot is earlier than the average level in the large cities in China and that of the local rural Han ethnic group is earlier than the average level in the fairly well-off rural areas in our country. In conclusion, the menarche age of females in Huhhot may have reached the lower limit of genetic control and the menarche age has shown a stable tendency.更多还原