【作者】 杨长泉；

【导师】 吴绍丽；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以马克思主义法学理论和伦理学为指导，以新形势下法治和德治的互动结合及协调发展为研究对象，从法学、伦理学和历史学的角度，对社会主义市场经济条件下的法治和德治这两种治国方略的结合及在新形势下如何协调发展作了较为全面的探索。与以往研究法治和德治关系的视角不同的是，本文从法治和德治的功能优势及局限及在社会主义文明建设进程中的协调发展来把握法治和德治互动结合的必然性，并提出全面建设小康社会是现阶段法德合治的必要基础和核心目标的命题。 首先，从历史学的角度分析了现代意义上的法治形成于近代西方，但其精神可追溯至亚里士多德时代；近代以来，西方法治理论不断发展并扩展到非西方，法治成为民主国家治理的首选；中国传统社会并没有现代意义上的法治，中国法治基本方略的确立，经历了一番历史曲折。相对而言，中国传统社会更注重德治；西方国家在法治无法解决所有社会矛盾的情况下，使得法治观的思想家、执行者从另外的社会控制模式中吸取养分，德治成为首选，全球伦理的提出即是佐证，但全球伦理要在世界范围内被普遍认同、遵守，必须具备特定的条件，正因为如此，法治与德治的结合成为历史的必然。而中国社会主义现代化建设为法治与德治的结合发展提供了现实条件。 其次，用辩证法分析了法治与德治的功能优势及局限，论证了法治与德治结合的必然性。法治具有权威的非人格化、直接禁恶、权力和权利的明晰界定等优势，但同时存在主观客观化的难题、领域的有限性、高昂的资源代价及法律正义的局限性等局限，并提出法治具有法律必须是抽象的及一般性和统一性、法律为公众所知晓、法律可预期、法律明确、法律无内在矛盾、法律稳定、法律高于政府、司法权威、司法公正十大规定性。而德治具有预防冲突、促进法治成本最小化、道德谴责的普适性等优势，但同时存在弱强制性、道德多元化、道德资源的缺乏、匹配性差等局限。 再次，从法律与道德的作用机理及关系、法治与德治的良胜关系入手，论证了法治与德治结合的基点，包括立法的道德审视、司法的道德维度、守法的道德基础。 最后，从发展创新的角度论证了法治与德治结合是“三个代表”思想的内在要求、法治与德治在社会主义政治文明、制度文明及精神文明建设进程中的协调发展;并提出了法治与德治结合的基本目标是全面建设小康社会的命题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The thesis, based on Marxist law science and ethics, through an analysis of the mutual combination and development of ruling by law and by morality, focuses on the study of the perfect combination and the successful development of the two ruling methods under socialist market economy conditions. Different from the previous studies of the topic, the thesis mainly deals with their functions and limitations and the inexorable trend of combinations during the socialist constructions. It points out that to build a mutually rich society is the necessary trend and core target of ruling by law and by morality now.Firstly, the thesis discusses that ruling by law, in the modern sense, was formed in modern West but its spirit can be traced to the era of Aristotle. It spread over its borders to the outside world and accordingly became the favorite choice for democratic state ruling. The traditional Chinese society did not carry out the ruling by law in the modern sense and this ruling strategy was not established before many historical complications. Comparatively speaking, traditional Chinese society paid more attentions to the ruling by morality. Western legalists and law executives absorbed ideas from other society governing modes and thereafter ruling by morality became their best choice when they could mot find solutions to their social problems. The appearance of the global morality is just the best proof. However, there must be specific conditions for the recognizing and abiding of the global morality, the combination of ruling by law and by morality is accordingly the necessary historical trend. The construction of Chinese socialist modern society provides a practical condition to combination of ruling by law and by morality.Secondly, the thesis discusses about the functions and the limitations of the two ruling ways from the view of dialetics and their necessary combinations. Thelaw has its own advantages like nonpersonified authority, direct control of crimes, the clear distinctions between authority and rights, but at the same time it also owns limitations like the difference of subjectiveness and objectiveness , the realm limitations, high resource cost and the limitation of lawful justice. As a result, the thesis raises ten rules of the ruling by law, ie, the law must be abstract, well-known, farsighted, specific, not contradictory, stable, more powerful than the government, judicial powers and justice. Ruling by morality, on the other hand, has its functions like preventing conflicts, reducing the judicial cost and the advantage of moral criticism, etc. Nevertheless, it also has limitations like weak control, moral multitude, lack of moral resources and poor matching, etc.Thirdly, the thesis discusses the combination conditions of the two ruling ways from their functions and relationship, including moral values, judicial morality and the moral conditions for law-abiding.Fourthly, the thesis discusses that the combination of the two ruling ways is the necessary requirement of the thought of The Three Representing; it also discusses about their mutual development during the constructions of socialist political civilization, systematic civilization and spiritual civilization. The basic objective of the combination of ruling by law and morality is to build a mutually rich society.更多还原