【作者】 王小钢；

【导师】 罗吉；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 湿地保护综合立法是指制定地方资源法规、“一区一法”、全国性湿地保护条例和湿地保护法，维护湿地生态系统结构和功能的完整性。它运用跨行政区域管理、跨部门管理和公众参与的方法，整合湿地保护和湿地利用、流域管理、水资源管理的关系。它安排行政管制、行政指导、经济刺激、行政区域磋商、行政部门磋商和利益相关者磋商等多种手段，发挥行政机制和磋商机制的互动作用。本文分为三大部分，写作路线是案例研究——理论分析——应用框架。 第一部分是涨渡湖湿地案例研究，包括第一章和第二章。通过评述法律政策和建设项目对涨渡湖湿地的影响，介绍湿地保护示范项目，勾画出涨渡湖湿地的变迁过程，提出湿地具有结构的多样性、功能的多元性和过程的复杂性等三重特征；介绍涨渡湖湿地社会经济状况和环境问题表现，分析涨渡湖湿地环境问题的原因和实质，揭示出湿地保护的障碍在于土地权属和资源权属、部门和区域管理体制以及公众参与和资金技术等诸多方面。 第二部分是湿地保护立法实践评估和综合立法理论分析，包括第三章和第四章。第三章通过评析湿地公约、屡次缔约方大会和湿地保护国际组织，指出湿地生态系统管理是国际湿地法的发展趋势；回顾我国湿地保护立法历史，将我国湿地保护立法分为启蒙阶段(1979～1992)、酝酿阶段(1992～2002)和初步发展阶段(2003年以来)；评估现有湿地保护立法指导思想、法律原则和法律制度，提出我国湿地保护立法处于地方资源立法阶段，指出对湿地保护进行综合立法的必要性。第四章界定了湿地保护综合立法的概念、内容、特征和法律机制。湿地保护综合立法目的是维护湿地生态系统结构和功能的完整性，合理利用湿地资源，全面保护国际和国家重要湿地；任务包括将湿地保护纳入湿地合理利用、水资源综合管理和流域综合管理；内容在形式上涉及湿地资源法和湿地生态保护法。法律机制系统涵盖行政机制和磋商机制两个子系统。子系统之间主体交叉、结构互补、功能配套。 第三部分(第五章)确立21世纪中国湿地保护综合立法框架，即从目前的地方湿地资源法规和“一区一法”，逐渐演进到调适性、综合性和全国性的湿地保护条例和湿地保护法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Integrated Legislation on Wetlands Conservation (ILWC) is proposed in the dissertation. In order to maintain the integrity of structures and functions of wetlands ecosystems, ILWC refers to formulating local wetlands resources regulations, particular wetland site regulation, and national Wetlands Conservation Regulation and Wetlands Conservation Act. Measures . of trans-district management, multi-departmental management, and public participation should be taken into legislature’s consideration. The legislature integrates wetlands conservation into the rules of wetlands resources wise use, river basin management, and water resources management. ILWC should attach much importance to command-and-control measures, administrative guidance, economic stimulate, and consultant procedures among district governments, departments and all stake-holders. The dissertation includes three parts: case study, technical analysis and applied science.The first part is case study on Zhangdu Lake wetland, which covers Chapter One and Two. It discusses the impacts of resources utilization policies and development projects on Zhangdu Lake wetland, reviews the demonstration projects of Zhangdu Lake wetland, and analyses changes of the wetland in the past fifty years. Wetlands have many characteristics, such as multi-level structures, multi-dimensional functions and complex biogeochemical recycles. It then discusses social-economic statues and environmental situation of the Zhangdu Lake wetland, and analyses the causes and crux of environmental issues of the wetland. Decreased functions and destroyed structures of the wetland is involving land rights and resources property, departmental management and district administration, public participation and fund & technology aid.The second part, which covers Chapter Three and Four, is an assessment of domestic and international legislation on wetlands conservation, and an essence analysis of ILWC. Chapter Three reviews Ramsar Convention, its COPs, and international organizations on wetlands conservation, where ecosystem management is regarded as the focus of international wetlands law. It also reviews the legislation history of wetlands conservation in China, which can be divided into three periods: the sprout period (1979 -1992) , the developing period (1993-2002) and the booming period(2003~). Thenit evaluates theory basis, legal principles and institutions of provincial wetlands resource regulations today. The goal of ILWC is to maintain integrity of structures and functions of wetlands ecosystems, use wetlands resources wisely, and conserve international and national important wetlands sites. Its sources include wetlands resources regulations and wetlands ecosystems protection laws. Legal mechanism systems compose of administrative approach and consultant procedures. ILWC should make full use of the interaction of two mechanisms.The third part (Chapter Five) tries to develop a comprehensive legislation framework of wetlands conservation in the 21st century, which is an evolutionary, not a revolutionary legal arrangement. ILWC evolves from amendable local wetlands resources regulations and particular wetland site regulations, and will come to adaptive, comprehensive and national Wetlands Conservation Regulation and Wetland Conservation Act.更多还原