【作者】 谭剑；

【导师】 周佑勇；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 行政行为的撤销是行政实务中的普遍现象，也是行政法学研究的重要内容。由于政治体制、法律传统和价值取向等方面的原因，我国大陆的行政行为撤销制度在撤销的范围、撤销的主体等方面与其他国家和地区的撤销制度存在着较大差别。本文从撤销的概念人手，对行政行为的撤销与行政行为的无效、行政行为的废止以及可撤销行政行为等一系列相关概念进行了比较分析。根据撤销程序的启动力量不同，行政行为撤销的方式有职权撤销和争讼撤销两种，但是二者并无本质上的差别，因此完全可以构建统一的、同时适用于职权撤销和争讼撤销的撤销标准，这些标准包括主要证据不足和适用依据错误、严重违反法定程序、超越职权和滥用职权。作为一种法律行为，行政行为的撤销会直接形成和引发一系列法律结果，这些法律结果包括否定行政行为的效力和追回利益、赔偿损失、责令重作。行政行为的撤销一方面可以维护法律的纯洁性，但另一方面却会对法律的安定性、信赖利益和公共利益等其他价值和利益构成冲击，因此，行政行为的撤销除了要符合撤销标准外，还应当受到行为类型、撤销时间和撤销程序的限制，以保持各项利益和价值的平衡。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cancellation of administrative act is a widespread phenomenon in administrative practice as well as the important contents of the study of administrative law science. Owing to some reasons like the political systems, traditional law and the value trends etc., there are great differences in the system to the cancellation of administrative act among mainland of china, other countries and regions in some aspects like cancellation scope and cancellation subject and so on. Starting from the concepts of cancellation, the article focuses on comparing and analyzing a series of related concepts like the cancellation of administrative act, administrative act cancelled, the invalidation of administrative act and the abolition of administrative act.According to different motivating forces of cancellation procedure, there are two means to the cancellation of administrative act which are authoritative cancellation and litigious cancellation, but these two have no essential difference. Therefore, a united, applicable cancellation standards fitting for authoritative cancellation and litigious cancellation can be set up surely. These standards include lacking the main proof, breaching the legal procedure seriously, overstepping duties and abusing authorities. As for a kind of legal act, the cancellation of administrative act will directly forms and causes a series of law results including negating the effect of the administrative act, recovering the benefits, compensating the losses and ordering reconstruction. On the other hand, the cancellation of administrative act can support the law’s purity, but on the other hand it will impact the law’s values and benefits like stability in law, faith in benefits and public benefits. Therefore, The cancellation of administrative act should be fit for the cancellation standards, along with the limitation of behavioral type, cancellation time, cancellation procedure in order to keep equilibrium between various benefits and values.更多还原