【作者】 戴激涛；

【导师】 周叶中；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从宪法学的角度，主要采用历史分析法、实证分析法及价值分析法，对古典共和的思想源流、古代共和国的具体运作、古典共和与当代宪政的契合、古典共和的宪政价值、古典共和对当代中国宪政建设的启示进行了系统、具体、深入的研究和阐述。全文共分4章12节，约6万字。 第一章以历史分析法对古典共和的理论渊源和古代共和国的实践进行了具体阐述。共和思想肇始于古希腊。古希腊时期的共和以公共利益为核心，古罗马时期的共和国的本质特性是正义和公益，文艺复兴以来的共和思想主要围绕如何治理与巩固共和国展开。古代共和政体的价值目标是优良生活和促进善德，实质构成包括财富、才德和自由，形式构成包括议事机关、行政机关和审判机关。古代共和政体的特点有：精英治理，给所有人及其自由提供同等保护，保持中间性格，以公民美德为支撑，以“混和宪法”形式治理。 第二章在考察古典共和主义思想与实践的基础上，结合当代宪政的基本理论，对古典共和与宪政之间的深层关联进行了详细解读。古典共和与当代宪政至少在以下四个方面存在深层契合：法治原则的推崇；分权制衡的强调；公共利益的彰显；公民美德的关注。这些内容不仅是宪政的重要原则与应有之义，而且在古典共和的理论与实践中都得到了充分体现。 第三章主要采用价值分析法，对古典共和的宪政价值进行了深入分析。“天下为公”是共和的根本原则，“公”的宪政价值凸现了宪政的最高原则——人民主权原则；共和是“全体公民”的共同事业，宪政是肩负着人类自由发展的宏伟事业，“共”的宪政价值集中体现了宪政的核心原则——人权原则；共和是“和谐均衡”的辉煌事业，共和意味着稳定、和谐、均衡的共同发展，宪政意味着和平、团结与均衡，“和”的宪政价值参透了宪政的重要原则——分权制衡原则，宪政之道在于和谐均衡。由此可见，古典共和主义有着深远隽永的宪政价值。 第四章结合当代中国宪政建设实际，认为古典共和内蕴的“公”、“共”、“和”对当代宪政有诸多有益启示。共和不仅属于古代，更属于现代和将来，将随着人们的觉醒而获得日益强大的生命力。古典共和的优良传统和精神弥久而愈新，可以成为人类永恒的政治原则，值得当代中国宪政事业品味和借鉴。具体说来，古典共和对宪政中国的启示有:宪政中国是中华民族的共同事业，共和精神是维系宪政中国的情感纽带;“民主立国、法治建国、共和兴国”的和谐统一，构成了宪政中国伟大系统工程的基础;公民美德与宪法美德是共和国的心理基础，构成了宪政中国的精神底蕴，培育公民美德与宪法美德的重要途径是宪法教育。更多还原

【Abstract】 Applying the methods of historical analysis, positive analysis and value analysis, This paper, from the point of view of constitutional theories, is to studies and expounds wholly, deeply, systematically and concretely the basic theories about classical republicanism, the history and development of Ancient Republic, the concrete operation of the ancient republic, the harmony of classical republicanism and constitutionalism, the constitutional value of classical republicanism, and the instructions of classical republicanism to China’s contemporary constitution construction . The paper consists of four chapters, twelve sections, about 60,000 words.From the angle of historical and political science, chapter one mainly adopts the historical analysis methods to exam the theory and experience of classical republicanism concretely. Republicanism was started from Ancient Greece and the core of that time was republic interests; the essential traits of Ancient-Rome was fair and common good; the Renaissant republicanism was mainly discussed how to run and reinforce the republic. The goal of classical republicanism was good life and virtue, the classical republic was made of wealth, virtue and liberty essential, it was made of agenda congress, administration organ and judicial organ. The traits of ancient republic include elite’s management, giving all people the same protection, maintaining the medium character, civic virtue and the mixed constitution.Chapter two expounds the interior relationship between classical republic and constitutionalism on the basis of classical republic’s theory and experience concretely. There are at least four overlapping of classical republicanism and constitutionalism: the canonizing of rule of law; the emphasis on the separated and balanced power; the outstanding of commonwealth and the care of civic virtue. These are not only the important principle and content of constitutionalism, but also are embodied and complimented in the classical republic abundantly.Chapter three mainly adopts the value analysis and gives a deep examination tothe value of classical republicanism. "Severing the people" is the basic principle of the republic, the constitutional value of "republic" is showing the highest principle of constitutionalism, that is, the people sovereignty principle; the republic is the joint undertaking of "all citizens ", the constitutional value of "joint" is showing the core principle of constitutionalism, that is, the principle of human rights, constitutionalism is the people’s common career just like the republic; the republic is a brilliant undertaking of "harmonious equilibrium", the constitutional value of "harmony" sees through the important constitutional principle of power separation, that is, the doctrine of power discretion and balancing, the way of constitutional government lies in the harmonious equilibrium. Therefore, classical republicanism doctrine has far-reaching and meaningful constitutionalism value.On the basis of the reality of China’s constitutional construction, chapter four believes that "republic", "joint" and "harmony" in classical republic give many benefits to constitutionalism. Republic belongs to ancient, now and the future, what’s more, it can get more energy with the people’s waking. The good traditions of classical republic could be the lasting principle to human being and it is worth learning of China’s constitutional construction. Concretely speaking, constitutional China is the joint undertaking of the offspring of Chinese people in the constitutional government; constitutional China is the perfect combination of democracy, rule of law and republic; the civic virtue and constitutional virtue is the spiritual foundation of constitutional China; constitutional education is an important way to cultivate the civic virtue and constitutional virtue.更多还原