【作者】 王丹；

【导师】 杨建东；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 目前，随着我国水电事业的迅速发展，一批大型、特大型水电站正在设计或处于待建之列，如龙滩水电站、溪洛渡水电站、向家坝水电站、水布垭水电站等。而水电站过渡过程的数值模拟是针对水道系统、水轮发电机组以及电网组成的复杂动力系统进行的最必要的研究，它关系到引水发电系统的优化设计以及水电站安全稳定运行和供电品质。其中，水轮机是水电站运行的核心部件，也是水电站过渡过程数值计算的关键。本文在前人研究成果的基础上，就实际工程中出现的机组导叶启闭规律与机组特性曲线问题进行了深入的分析研究，其主要内容如下： 第一章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水电站过渡过程方面的有关研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容。 第二章，针对国内外对导叶开启时间的不同规定，结合理论推导和数值计算实例，分析大波动各控制参数对增负荷时间的敏感性，验证了IEC推荐的增负荷时间30～40s是合理的。 第三章，从导叶直线关闭规律出发，运用正交设计法，优化了导叶两段关闭规律；同时就蜗壳最大动水压力与导叶初始开度之间的某些规律进行了初步探讨，得出蜗壳最大动水压力并不一定发生最大水头或额定水头工况的结论。 第四章，结合水布垭电站和龙滩水电站两个实例，针对几套比转速相近的水轮机特性曲线，着重从机组自身特性、机组对水道系统的适应性等方面，分析比较不同型号转轮的特性曲线引起的水电站过渡过程控制参数的差别，论证了工程上采用比转速相近的水轮机特性曲线作为数值仿真的边界条件是合理可行的。 第五章，总结全文，提出今后研究的重点和方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent years, with the rapid development of hydroelectric projects in our country, a great number of hydropower stations with huge capacity, such as Longtan Project, Xiluodu Project, Xiangjiaba Project, Shuibuya Project and etc., are being designed or to be constructed. The mathematical simulation of transient process in hydropower stations is one of the most necessary investigations on this complicated dynamic system, which is constituted with pipeline system, hydraulic turbine and electric power transmission system. It plays a great role during the optimization design of pipeline system, safe and stable operations of power stations, and quality of power supply. Hydraulic turbine is the essential element in the operations of power plant, and also is the key point of mathematical simulation in transient process of hydropower station. Mainly around the hydraulic turbine, based on the research results of predecessors, this paper made some deep researches on wicket closure & opening law and characteristic curve of turbine. The main contents are as the following:Chapter 1, indicated the significance and objective of this paper, reviewed the achievements about transient process of hydropower stations, and then presented the study idea of this paper.Chapter 2, based on various stipulations about the wicket opening time in the relevant criteria at home and broad, the effect of wicket opening time of water turbine on the transient process of hydropower station has been analyzed by theoretical deduce and numerical calculation. The results of two practical calculation examples illustrates that the proposed opening time value by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is suitable. That is to say, the doable value of load augment time is 30-40s.Chapter 3, beginning with the wicket linear closure law, two-sectionalized linear closure law of water turbine guide has been optimized by orthogonal method. Also some laws between the maximum dynamic pressure at the end of spiral case and the initial wicket opening are discussed. Then a conclusion has been obtained, the maximum dynamic pressure at the end of spiral case does not always occur during the operation case of maximum water head or nominal design head.Chapter 4, according to the numerical calculations of Longtan Project and Shuibuya Project, the difference of some crucial parameters during the transient process in hydropowerAbstractstation caused by various characteristic curves of turbine runners whose specific speed are close to each other has been contrasted in the respects of trait of turbine itself, the adaptability of turbine to water delivery system and electric power transmission system. And the results prove the fact is practical and suitable that some characteristics curve of hydraulic turbine with close special speed substitutes the real one as the boundary condition of the numerical emulation.Chapter 5, summarized this paper, and presented the aspect and emphasis on this study in future.更多还原