【作者】 叶小蒲；

【导师】 许贤泽；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 精密仪器及机械， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，随着激光和计算机技术的迅猛发展，激光雕刻技术在加工领域得到了广泛的应用。目前常用的激光雕刻系统大多是用来雕刻图形或是二值图像，具有一定的局限性。针对这一种情况，本课题提出了一套基于灰度图像雕刻的激光雕刻控制系统设计方案，使雕刻的图像具有一定的灰度层次，更加逼进真实图像。 该套方案由两部分组成： 一是对雕刻的灰度图像进行处理方法的研究。本项目所针对的是具有256个灰度级别的BMP格式的灰度图像，在列举了一些常规图像处理方法的基础上，着重介绍了一种适合于激光雕刻特点的数字图像处理方法。处理后的图像再经过灰度级转换，最后生成激光雕刻图像。 二是设计开发激光雕刻控制系统。该系统采用微机控制，分为运动控制部分和激光雕刻部分，运动控制部分主要通过人机界面，实现图像预览、实时雕刻轨迹的动态跟踪和控制指令的生成、X、Y坐标实时显示以及实现缓停、急停、继续、速度设定与变更、沿原路径返回、位置记忆、工作时间记录等功能；激光雕刻部分则是通过设计一个工作电路来控制激光输出功率的大小，这样就能根据各个像素的灰度值的大小，在相应位置上雕刻出深浅不一的点，最终得到一件成品。 此外，本文还分析了步进电机“丢步”的原因，并提出了相应的解决方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, with the rapid development of the laser and computer technique, laser-carving technique in processing field has got more extensive application. Now most of the laser-carving systems are only applied for carving graphics or binary images, and they have some limitation. This work will study a designed project of the laser-carving control system on the base of carving gray degree images, by which the carved images will have more gray degrees. And they can match with the original images better.This work is divided into two parts:One is to research the methods of the processing image, which is going to be carved. In this project, an image has 256 gray degrees with the format of BMP. On the base of the introduction of some traditional image processing methods, a kind of the digital image processing method, which is fit on the laser-carving characteristics, is emphasized on being introduced. After processing, the image is going to do the conversion of gray degrees. At last, a laser-carving image is generated.The other is to design and develop a laser-carving control system. This system adopts microcomputer control, and it consists of two parts: sport control part and laser carving part. The main contents of the first part are to realize some functions, such as making image previews, following the carving track dynamically in real time, generating control instructions, showing the carving position in time, realizing slow stop and sudden stop and going on and setting up or changing speed and returning along the original path and recording the stopping positions or working time. The contents in the second part are to design an electric circuit, which can control the power of the laser outputs. According to the gray degree value of each pixel, the correspondent dots can be carved in different deep. Finally, a finished product has been got.In addition, this paper analyzes the mechanism of out of step and gives a correspondent solution.更多还原