【作者】 高敏；

【导师】 蔡守秋；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 环境法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 外来入侵物种是指，在人类有意或无意引入下，转移到其自然分布范围及扩散潜力之外，对当地生物多样性、人类健康和经济构成威胁或损害的物种、亚种、低级生物物质及其可能存活并繁殖的部分、配子或繁殖体。外来入侵物种包括自然物种和转基因物种。外来入侵物种具有强大的繁殖特性，生态适应性和竞争力，它通过人类活动或借助自然力量传入、扩散、传播。它是生物多样性丧失的主要原因之一，并且对人类身体健康和社会经济的发展构成巨大威胁。我国开展外来入侵物种法律管制的研究起步较晚，关于外来入侵物种的立法极少且零散，没有一套完整的法律体系和管理体系来综合防治外来入侵物种。为了保护生物多样性、人类身体健康和实现社会的可持续发展，我国应该以有效预防、控制和清除外来入侵物种为目标，遵循预防和风险预防原则、分等级和重点防治原则、生态破坏者负担原则、信息公开和公众参与原则、合作原则等，严格执行环境影响评价制度、风险评估制度、检验检疫制度、行政许可制度、隔离制度、监测和预警制度、应急处理制度、标识制度、清单制度等多项法律制度，并明确相关部门及其行政人员、从事引入外来入侵物种活动行为人的法律责任，构建一个健全的关于外来入侵物种的法律体系和协调管理体制，对外来入侵物种进行全面、有效的管理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Alien invasive species means a species, subspecies, or lower taxon including any part, gametes or propagule of such species that might survive and subsequently reproduce which occurs outside of its natural range and dispersal potential through intentional or unintentional introduction of human, is an agent of damage, and threatens native biological diversity. It may be classified natural species and genetically modified organizations. Alien invasive species is characterized by strong propagation, adaptation to environment and competition competency, which entries, diffuse and spread by human activity or nature power. It causes biological diversity loss and threatens human health and development of society. In China, law study of alien invasive species is so late that legislation of alien invasive species are few and scattered, saying nothing of an integrated legal system and management system. In order to protect biological diversity, human health and realize sustainable development of society, effective prevention, control and eradication must be regarded as basic objectives. Such basic principles must be abided by as prevention and precaution principles, grading and emphasis prevention and cure principle, environmental destroyer burden principle, information open and public participation principle, and cooperation principle. Environmental assessment system, risk assessment system, inspection and quarantine system, permit system, segregation system, monitor and alarm system, emergency disposal system, sign system and etc are all enforced legally. Moreover, legal responsibilities of related management departments, public servants and people involved in introduction of alien invasive species should be regulated. An integrated legal system of alien invasive species as an object of legislation needs to be established to implement comprehensive and effective management of alien invasive species. Besides, establishing an coordinate management system of alien invasive species is also an important component of legislation.更多还原