【作者】 张洲英；

【导师】 王子舟；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 图书馆学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 在知识社会中，具有获取知识的能力是每个公民应具备的基本素养。作为知识管理者，要为知识受众提供更贴切的知识服务，不能忽视这一重大的社会趋势。作为“社会记忆”机构，图书馆从产生之初本身就是一个社会性教育机构，培养知识受众的认知素养是其存在的基础。提供更符合知识受众认知特点和认知规律的知识服务，培养知识受众自身的认知能力，满足知识受众认知需求是知识服务的职责所在。 本文以知识受众认知研究作为论文题目，围绕知识受众的认知结构、认知行为、认知过程、认知能力和认知需求等几个方面，运用认知心理学、人工智能、教育学、传播学、社会学等对认知研究比较成熟的理论和方法来研究知识受众的认知特点和认知规律。全文分六个部分，内容如下： 第一部分主要论述了读者观的演变、“读者”本位的确立、知识受众的出现，介绍了目前人类认知研究的状况，总结了知识管理领域中对认知的研究现状并提出知识受众认知研究的方法论。 第二部分则从知识受众认知结构的概念、特点和作用出发，探讨认知结构存在的生理机制，并介绍了各领域对知识受众认知结构研究，展望知识管理领域对认知结构研究成果的应用。 第三部分研究内容包括认知过程的要素构成及其应用。提出人的认知过程即主观知识的存在状态，与客观知识的组织形式和构成模式之间具有相似性，可以借鉴人的认知过程来组织知识以形成知识集合，这样更符合知识受众的认知特点以更好地满足知识受众的个性化需求。 第四部分则对知识受众认知需求进行研究。这部分内容包括认知需求的概念及其在人的需求体系中的作用和地位，认知需求的影响因素和特点及规律，认知需求满足的具体举措。提出满足知识受众认知需求是知识管理的最终目的，知识服务部门应该建立起基于知识受众认知需求的知识采集、组织和检索系统。 第五部分为知识受众认知能力研究。认知能力是未来公众生存发展的基础。本章讨论了能力、技能和知识的区别与联系，以及认知能力的概念和构成，并提出应该对认知能力进行培养和强化。 第六部分则为知识受众认知行为研究。本章探讨了认知行为的概念和类型，总结了认知行为的具体表现和认知行为规律(有限理性原则、可近性原则、效益最大化原则等)。 本文创新之处在于：①率先提出将图书馆学和知识管理纳入认知科学的应用学科；②全面而系统地提出知识管理认知研究的基本框架结构；③提出对知识受众的认知研究应该从心理层次和社会层次进行研究，而不应仅限于心理层次。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the knowledge society, having the ability of obtaining the knowledge is the basic cultivated manners of each citizen and Cultural Organization. Ability of learning to study is becoming your ability of existing and development in faculty-based society. Comparing the knowledge’s study with training the ability of winning that knowledge, the latter is more important, "learning cognition" is everyone’ s basement of existing in knowledge society.As the knowledge governor, offering the service of knowledge for knowledge audience can’t neglect the momentous social development trend. As a " social memory" framework or called knowledge-managing department, at the beginning library has been a social education organization. Training the cultivated manners of audience is its existing foundation. In addition, providing the knowledge service adapts to knowledge audience1 s cognitive peculiarity and cognitive disciplinarian and meeting the audience’ s cognitive need are the duty of knowledge manager.The dissertation regard it as the topic of "A study on knowledge audience’ s cognition", according to knowledge audience’ s cognitive structure, cognitive behaves, cognitive process and cognitive needs, as well as exerting for the mature theory and methods of cognition science including psychology, artificial intelligence, pedagogy, spreading learning, sociology. The text includes six parts.1. From reader to knowledge audience the part mainly treatise the evolvement of reader view and the establishment of "reader-Centered" and audience’s appearance; Study condition of every realm including knowledge management to human cognition research; cognition research’s methodology of knowledge audience.2. The cognitive construction study of knowledge audience mainly includes the contexts: cognitive construction’s concept of knowledge audience, characteristics and function; The physiology foundation of cognition construction; status of every realm to cognitive construction in quo, future application to cognitive structure in knowledge management.3. The study of cognitive process in knowledge audience. Its main contents include: the main factor of the perception process and application to it in every realm. The writerIIthink the person’s cognitive process, namely also subjective knowledge’s subsistent estate, has kindred relation with external knowledge’s organizational form and constitutional mode. According to the principium we may organize the subjective knowledge and make it be a repository. The will be propitious to cognitive characteristic and personalized needs.4. The research to cognitive need of knowledge audience. Satisfying the need of audience is the purpose of knowledge management. We form the objective knowledge into a knowledge system audience-centered. This contents of the part includes: conception of cognitive need, the function and status in the need system; factors which influences the cognitive need and cognitive need’s characteristic and rules; the material measure which can satisfy the needs, and so on .in a word ,the management of knowledge should design the collection system, organization system and retrieval system based on knowledge audience’s cognitive need.5. The study to cognitive ability of knowledge audience. Future society is faculty-standard society cognitive ability is public foundation of the existing and development in the future. This part’ s contents is: the concept of cognitive ability and differentia from knowledge and skill/ craftsmanship and relation with them.; constitutes of cognitive ability; the training and aggrandizement of cognitive ability.6. The research to cognitive behaviors of knowledge audience cognitive behaviors manifest cognitive needs. The part includes the notion and characteristic of cognitive behaviors, idiographic exhibition of cognitive behavior, conducting rules includes limited nous principle, closeness principle and most benefits principle.This text has several creative points:(1)Initiatively bringing up the view pushing library science and manage stu更多还原