【作者】 周玉霞；

【导师】 张乾元；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 科学技术史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 水是人类生存和社会经济发展的基本物质基础之一，水的管理是人类社会管理所面临的永恒的主题。我国长期是一个农业国家，水之利害历来是治国安邦的大事，水管理在我国社会历史发展进程中发挥基础性的作用，并随着社会政治经济的发展而进步。 清代作为我国封建社会历史进程中的最后一个王朝，其腐朽的封建统治渐趋崩溃，由于生产力水平较低，大江大河灾情不断，水管理力在解决人类生存问题，多集中在灾害治理和农田水利方面。随着西方资本主义的入侵，中国社会一步步沦为半殖民地和半封建社会，近一个世纪里，苦难的中国一直寻求着出路，一批批志士仁人践行着救国救民的真理，他们开始向西方学习，不断引进先进的水利管理和科技，发展了近代水利。中华人民共和国的成立，一个社会主义的东方大国屹立于世界东方，经过五十多年的发展，我国已经建立起社会主义市场经济体制，水管理从工程管理逐渐向资源管理过渡。可以说，中国社会的变迁给水管理带来了巨大的变化。水管理的演变是中国社会变迁的缩影，从一个角度反映了中国社会变迁的历程。 本文从水、水管理到水资源、水资源管理概念变化入手，对水管理的内容和影响水管理因素进行分析，总结了具有典型意义的清代至今近400年水管理的变化，揭示了水管理与社会政治及经济发展的互动关系，并对当前我国在社会主义市场经济体制下实践的水管理模式、建设节水型社会进行了理论上的探讨，并尝试提出节水型社会建设的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is one of the basic materials in human existence and the development of society and economy. Its management has been an eternal subject for the management of human society. In such an agricultural country like China, How to take advantage of it has been a big event. And its management has played a basic role in the process of social and historical development and will develop together with the advance of society, politics and economics.In Qing dynasty, the last of the feudal society, great river disasters often happened successively because of the corrupted feudal rule and the low productivity. During this time, water management intended to solve the problems of human existence and was focused on disaster tackling, irrigation and water conservancy, with the invasion of western capitalism. The Chinese society fell step by step into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal one. In about a century, the suffering Chinese were seeking for ways out. They began to learn from the west and introduced advanced water management and science and technology. As a result, they established modern water conservancy. Then the People’s Republic of China was founded and a big socialist country stood in the east of the world. After more than 50 years development, we have established the socialist market economy and water management has experienced the transit of engineering management to resource management. It is reasonable to draw such a conclusion that the changes in the Chinese society brought great changes to water management, which, in turn, embodies the social changes and reflects from a special aspect the process of the social changes.This dissertation analyzes the content of water management and the factors that influence it. It attempts to reach a conclusion about the changes in water management from the Qing Dynasty to the present society and reveals the interactive relationship between water management and the development of politics and economics. It also aims to discuss, in practice, the patterns of water management under the socialist market economic system and in theory, how to build a water -saving society, with this as the purpose, the author of this dissertation attempts to provide some suggestions on the policies about how to build a water saving society.更多还原