【作者】 龚建伍；

【导师】 徐礼华；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 结构工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 地震、洪水、台风等严重自然灾害的频繁发生使得人们对建筑物的安全性感到普遍担忧，事实上，荷载状况的变化、环境和使用年限的影响也使建筑物的安全性大为减弱。因此，对已建建筑物和设施采取有效的手段监测和评价其安全状况，对新建建筑物设计长期的安全监测系统，已成为世界范围的热点课题，也是土木工程界的难题。 本文在武汉大学科技创新基金项目“建筑物安全监测与安全状态评估方法研究”的资助下，结合工程监测实际，对建筑物变形监测若干问题及建筑物变形安全性态评价进行了分析和研究，提出了一些方法和建议。其主要内容如下： 1．概述建筑物变形安全监测技术，对变形监测方案设计及监测网优化设计进行了探讨，分析建筑物原型观测资料的系统误差和粗差的成因及其检验方法和原则，研究传统方法检验观测粗差的局限性及其改进方法；对多期观测控制网进行秩亏自由网平差分析，并应用工程实例对参考点的整体稳定性与局部稳定性进行分析，分析表明，计算结果与实际情况吻合较好。 2．针对建筑物时效变形具有一定单调性和弱随机性的特点，引入灰色系统理论。基于一般灰色模型建模特点分析，对建筑物时效变形建立能反映工程动态变化的GM(1，1)等维新息模型，并结合工程实例应用系数修正法对非等时空距GM模型进行改进，对模型监控与预测精度进行计算分析，取得了较好的监测效果。 3．运用可视化程序设计工具VC++6.0及面向对象程序设计技术，在理论分析的基础上，编制建筑物变形的灰色监控与预测模型计算程序；通过数值试验的方法对灰色模型维数区域进行研究，探讨最佳维数区域；通过建立三种不同的灰色模型，对比分析各种模型的监测效果，结果表明，等维新息预测模块可方便地进行变形监控与预测分析，并可绘图输出，直观快捷，具有较大的实用价值。 4．探讨建筑物变形监测的安全评价方法，应用多种工程理论研究拟定变形监控指标的原则和方法，并结合工程实例建立相应的变形安全评价模型；同时，针对用变形单项监控指标评判建筑物安全存在的局限性，对建筑物安全的综合评价和决策问题进行初步探讨，拟定综合评判和决策网络图，对比单项指标评判法，指出综合评判和决策分析的优点及应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the nature, several serious natural disasters such as earthquake, flood, and typhoon happens frequently, which makes people have a widespread worry about the safety of buildings. In fact, the influence of loading condition changing, environment and structure aging also largely decrease the safety of buildings. Therefore, how to use effective method to monitor and evaluate the safety condition of buildings built and how to design a long-term safety monitor system for important newly-built buildings have become a worldwide hot topic, which is also a difficult problem in civil engineering.Supported by the fund of science and technology innovation of wuhan university-Research on Safety Monitoring and Safety Condition Evaluation of the Building and combining the engineering monitor practice, we research the deformation monitoring problems and the safety evaluation of monitored behavior of building in this dissertation. Then some suggestion and methods are presented. The main contents are as follows.1. Summarize the technology of building deformation monitoring. A discussion is made on the design of monitoring plane and optimization of monitoring network. The genetic analysis is carried out for the system error and gross error of the prototype observed data of building. The research on the limitation of traditional method of gross error checking and its improved method is also made. Furthermore, a rank defect free network adjustment analysis on multi-period monitoring net is made to judge the overall and local stability of preference points in engineering practice. The research shows that the result is well consistent with the practical conditions.2. According to the characteristics that the aging deformation of building is monotonous and less random, we introduce gray system theory. Based on the analysis of modeling characteristic of common gray model, we create the new information model of equal dimension of the GM(1,1), which can externalize the system’s latest information and can reflect the engineering’s dynamic change. And an improved analysis is made on unequal time series gray model applying coefficient revision method. Combining the engineering practice, we make a calculation analysis on monitoring model and forecasting precision, and obtain a fairly good effect of monitoring.3. Applying visual programming design tool-VC++6.0 and object-oriented programming technology, we edit a program of gray monitoring and forecasting model of building deformation based on theoretical analysis. A research is made on the optimal dimension area of gray model by using numerical experiment. Three different gray models are created and the effect of every model is contrasted with each other. The result shows that the new information gray model of equal dimension can expediently monitor and forecast the building deformation and can present concerning graph directly, which has great utility value.4. With the discussion about the method of safety evaluation of building deformation monitoring, the principle and methods of define monitoring index is researched using many kinds of engineering theories. The concerning safety evaluation models are presented combining engineering practice. Furthermore, according to the limitation in safety evaluation of building using single deformation monitoring index, the synthetic safety evaluation of building and decision-making analysis are elementarily probed. Compared with single-index method, the synthetic judgment method shows its great advantage and utility perspective.更多还原