【作者】 朱慧芳；

【导师】 张思齐；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆是一位风格独特的英国现代作家。他站在传统与现代的历史交叉口上，其小说创作体现出现实主义与现代主义的双重特征，具体表现为：其短篇小说和前期长篇具有明显的现实主义特征，而其后期长篇却在叙事技巧和主题内涵上显示出更多的现代主义色彩。本文旨在运用叙事学理论，系统分析毛姆长篇和短篇小说的叙事特征。全文分为五个板块，除开首尾两个部分，中间三个章节是论述的重点所在。 第一章为“总论”，是全文的引子。在此章中，我先简要介绍了毛姆的生平和作品概况，接着阐述其文艺观，以便后文做叙事分析时形成对照。最后指出毛姆作品在中国的接受情况，并由此点出本文立意的缘由。 第二章为“叙述论”，旨在分析毛姆长篇小说的叙述方式和技巧。此章分为三个小节。第一小节重点分析了毛姆后其长篇在视角上的独特性，它是一种新型的第一人称外视角。在第二小节中，我运用热奈特的叙述者划分理论分析了毛姆小说中的叙述者形象：前期长篇中的叙述者属于传统的“外部——异叙述型”，而后期长篇中的叙述者则有多个且具有现代意义，分别是“外部——同叙述型”和“内部——异叙述型”的叙述者。第三小节仍然借用热奈特的理论，并结合毛姆的小说，对叙述者在叙事文中发挥的五项功能进行了阐述。 第三章为“情节论”，探讨的是毛姆小说的情节特征，也分为三个小节。第一节先澄清了关于“情节”的概念上的混淆，为下面的论述理清道路。第二节则以毛姆的前后期的三部长篇代表作为例，讨论其长篇的情节类型。通过分析指出其长篇的情节类型由前期的线性时间型转变为后期的非线性空间型，接着对三部作品的情节作了细致分析，得出的结论是：三个主人公的人生探索历程都表现为对自我价值和精神家园的追寻，但寻找的道路却各不相同。三个主人公的人生模式正是毛姆本人在不同的人生阶段对理想的人生模式的设想，分别体现了毛姆对真、美、善三种境界的追求和思考。第三节则分析了毛姆短篇小说的戏剧性情节特征，指出其短篇在情节结构上大致由“处境——纠纷——解结”三部分构成，其中又巧妙设置了“突转”和“发现”，使得情节更加曲折动人。 第四章为“人物论”，分别运用“功能性”的人物观理论和“心理性”的人物观理论来分析毛姆小说中的人物形象和特征。指出毛姆前期长篇中的主人公为圆形人物，但到了后期长篇中，主人公则虚化成扁形人物，相反，一些陪衬人物则变成了生动丰满的圆形人物。另外，其短篇小说中的人物也出现了类型化特征，成为了扁形人物。 最后一章为“余论”，是对毛姆创作的双重性特征的简要概述。指出由于身处时代的交汇点上，毛姆的小说烙上了现实主义和现代主义的双重烙印。这一方面带来了不可避免的局限性，但另一方面也成就了毛姆的独特价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 William Somerset Maugham is an unique writer of modern Britain, who stood in the intersection of the tradition and modernity. His fiction shows the features of both realism and modernism. That is , his short stories and former novels are obviously characteristic of realism, while his late novels show more modern flavor in the narrative techniques and topics of the novels. This thesis analyzes the characteristics of narration in Maugham’s fiction by applying the theory of narratology. The whole thesis can be divided into five parts. Excepting the head and the tail, the other three parts are the main body of this paper .Chapter One is the preface to this thesis. In this chapter ,I have made an introduction of Maugham’ life story and his fiction, then I have expounded his ideal of literature in order to form up a comparison to the following parts. Finally , I point the situation of Chinese acception to Maugham’s fiction and point out the reasons why I wrote this thesis from the angle of narratology.Chapter Two is "the discussion of narration", which is divided into three sections. In the first section , I have analyzed the peculiarity of the point of view in Maugham’ late novels. In the second part, I have analyzed the sorts of narrators in Maugham’s novels by adopting Genette’s theory. In the last section ,I have combined Genette’s another theory of the functions of narrator with Maugham’ novels ,and then I have elaborated the narrators’ five functions in Maugham’ novels .Chapter Three is "the discussion of plot ", it explores the features of the plot in Maugham’ novels. This part is also divided into three sections. Firstly, I have clarified the confusion about the concept of "plot "for further discussion. Then ,I have studied the modes of Maugham’s novels with the examples of his three representative novels. Therefore I make a conclusion that the spiritual exploration into his three protagonists embodies the writer’s search for and thought of the significance of the life indifferent stages of his career. In the third section , I have analyzed the dramatic features of Maugham’s short stories.Chapter Four is "the discussion of figure". Applying the theories of "functional characters" and "mental characters ", I have analyzed the characters in Maugham’s fiction and their features.The last chapter is the summary of Maugham’s features of writing . At last, I point out that from the narrative features of Maugham’ fiction, we can see both the unavoidable limitation and unique values of Maugham’ writing .更多还原