【作者】 李宏斌；

【导师】 邢同海；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 学科教学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 物理模型与图景教学，是一种全新的教学理念和教学形式。在认知心理学中，与模型与图景相对应的图式(Schema)理论的研究已有较长的历史，这些理论从刚提出就引起教育工作者们的高度关注，到现在已逐步被大家所熟悉和认可。这一事实说明在认知领域，与图式理论有关的教学操作具有不同于一般的教学功效。目前，国内关于现代图式理论在教学中实施的研究，尚处于探索阶段，研究大都局限于学科知识图式的训练上，虽然数学学科有关数学建模的研究较多，但因学科间的差别决定了物理模型与图景的建构与数学建模有着本质的差异。关于将物理模型与物理思维图景结合起来的研究，尤其是将现代图式理论与物理基本的教学内容联系起来的物理模型与图景的教学研究，目前尚无见论．本课题从理论和实践上对它作了初步探索，指出了物理模型与图景在中学物理教学中对学生所起的特定作用，并针对我国当前中学物理教学的现状，提出了中学物理教学的新理念：以培养建构模型与图景能力为切入口，来引导高中学生开展自主性学习、研究性学习和探索性学习等活动，达到培养他们的科学素养和综合素质的目的。 课题分三个方面：首先，用文献法对物理模型与图景从理论上做出了探索和综述，剖析了物理模型与图景的建构思维机制，从心理学的角度揭示物理模型与图景方法在认知方面和问题解决方面的独特功能；其次，在前面理论的指导下，运用调查法、实验法、谈话法对学生模型与图景方面的现状进行调查；最后，在调查和分析结果的基础上，设计实验方案，进行了一系列关于模型与图景能力培养的教学实践，取得了一些成果。这些成果对于指导教师在中学物理教学实践中培养学生的学习能力、实践能力和创造能力，有一定的参考价值。有鉴于此，研究物理模型与图景在中学物理教学中的应用，将成为研究物理学习策略、教学策略以及完善现代图式理论的必需。更多还原

【Abstract】 Physical model and schema is a renew conception and model of teaching. In cognitive psychology, the theory of schema has been studied for a long period as well as figure and these theories were greatly catched by the teaching directors. And now it is well known by all step by step. In the field of realization, the teaching based on schema theory possesses outstanding functions. Nowadays, the study of modern model theory lies in the exploration time, and the study is limited in the area drilling of model. There are a substantial distinction between the construction of physical model and schema as discipline difference, although there are many learning models in mathematics that have been developed. There hasn’t a concord conclusion in the study of physical model and physical schema, especially in correlation modern schema theory with physical teaching by the method above. This subject researches on it both in theory and practice, points out its special function, and gives a new idea in physics teaching according to the present situations of high schools in China: our aim is to induce student to initiate learning, study and explore on their learning. By an entrance of constructive model and schema, to foster the potential of science and overall faculty, the subject includes three parts: firstly, with the help of materials, explore and generalize the physical model and schema in theory, and analyze the mechanism on structure of physical model and schema, and to reveal the special function that can form students’ knowledge and settling problem. Secondly, under the guidance of the above-mentioned theory, we have investigated many students of their model and schema by investigation, experiment and conversation. Finally, on the basic of investigation and analysis, we havegained some performance by using of experimental scheme and a series of learning practices on the potentials cultivation of the model and schema. The achievements can be a reference for fostering students’ learning, practicing and organizing. Basically, it is necessary to study and applicant physical model and schema in physical teaching in high schools, which will also fulfill the schema theory.更多还原