满足科学家需求的心理机制浅析

【作者】 陈楚伟；

【导师】 孙明湘；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 科学家在从事科研过程中的状态已经日益成为众多学者关注的焦点。类似于朱克曼《科学界的精英》一书关于专门探讨科学家成功因素的研究，成为许多国家改善科研管理有效性的手段的重要借鉴。 本文从马斯洛的需求层次理论出发，根据当代社会历史条件，将科学家的需求层次划分为以自我实现为目标的主导需求和以维持生理、安全、社交及尊重为目标的辅助需求。对于科学家的主导需求，本文主要是通过目标激励的角度来分析科研目标是如何满足科学家的需求的；而对于辅助需求，则主要是通过环境激励来分析如何提高科学家在科研过程中的绩效。 在文章的第二章，通过认识目标设置理论，了解了科研目标设置过程中的许多有利于满足科学家需求的角度和方式。并根据自身的理解和分析，总结出了一些如何提高科研积极性，改进科研激励方式的方法。 在文章的第三章，从科研团队的层面，分析了群体层面的科研环境中的特点和一些应注意的问题。并根据格式塔心理学的基本原理，对科研团队的交流环境和学习环境提出了改善的建议。希望借此，提高科研团队内部的工作绩效。 在文章的最后，结合目标激励和环境激励的论述，并从科研激励的“度”上进行了相应的论述。为科研激励提供了一个更为全面和完善的体系。从而，使得本文的论述更具合理性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Scientists’ state in process of researching has been the focus of many scholars. Such as the book of , Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States , written by Harriet Zuckerman, which mainly analyzed the reason of success of scientists, has been referred to many government.I base this essay on Maslow theory of need and condition of the time, and then I divide the hierarchy of need into two parts. One is "the main need" that takes the self-realization as destination. The other is "the assistant need" that takes holding need of physiology, safety, sociality and respect as destination. In this essay, I use the motivation of destination to analyze how the needs of scientists are satisfied, and use motivation of circumstances to analyze how the needs of scientists are satisfied.In the chapter 2, by learning theory of setting goal, I know something that is in favor of satisfying the need of scientists. And then, conclude some methods of increasing enthusiasm of scientific research.In the chapter3, I analyze some characters and problems in the environment of scientific team. By using Gestalt psychology, I bring forward some advices for improving the environment of communication and learning.In the last chapter, I analyze the degree of motivation of destination and environment, and perfect the scientific motivation, and let this essay be more rationalization.更多还原