论自然权利

【作者】 肖毅；

【导师】 李建华；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 伦理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 自然权利是生态伦理学(或环境伦理学)的思想基础，本文从三个方面对自然权利的理论确认和实践维护作了独到的、多角度的阐述与分析。(一)人类生存的全新困境是自然权利提出的现实基础。日益恶化的生态危机使得人的生存陷入了困境，迫使人们不得不进行反思。随着对环境问题反思的觉醒，人们已意识到：目前的生态危机，如大气污染严重、水资源短缺、森林面积减少等，主要是由于人类过度干预自然造成的。人类要摆脱生存困境，就必须调整人与自然的关系，尊重自然权利，实现人与自然的和解。(二)从天赋权利到自然权利的客观逻辑是自然权利存在的重要理论依据。“权利”是一个历史范畴，权利的主体范围不断地发生变化，它先后实现了两次大的拓展：第一次是由部分人拓展到所有人(至少在形式上或理论上如此)，第二次是由所有人拓展到人之外的自然物。(三)立法保障和依法维护是自然权利实现的社会条件。自然权利的尊重与维护应从三个方面着手：一是全人类在追求自己的生存与发展时，应树立“可持续发展”的崇高伦理思想；二是必须从根本上摆脱科学主义的阴影，走出人类中心主义的观念误区；三是用立法保障的方式，把尊重、维护自然权利的理论诉求转变为全社会所有成员的共同的行为自觉。 “自然权利”随着时代发展而日益受到人类的关注。本文提出自然权利的目的在于：希望人类承认并尊重自然权利，并以此来引导、约束人们在改造自然活动中的行为，维持生态系统的稳定，实现人与自然的和谐，推动人、社会和生态环境的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The right of nature is the ideological foundation of ecoethics (environmentalethics). This article sets forth and analyses the theoretical affirm and practical safeguard of natural right in a unique and various way from three aspects. I. The totally new predicament of human exist is the actual foundation to put forward natural right. The increasingly deterioration of ecological crisis has made human existence fall into difficult position and force people to have to introspect. With the awakening of introspection of environment question, people have been aware of which the current ecological crisis, such as severe atmosphere pollution, water resources shortage, forest decrease is mainly created because human over intervene nature. In order to cast off difficult position, people must adjust the relationship between human and nature, respect the right of nature and get along with nature harmoniously. II The objection logic from man’ s natural right to the right of nature is the important theoretical basis to existence the right of nature. "Right" is a historical category, the range of subject has been constantly change, which widener successively two expansion: the first expansion is from some people to all of the people (at least in form or in theory), the second expansion is from all of the people to nature beyond human. III Legislative safeguard and maintain according to law is the social conditions to realize the right of nature. Three aspects should be taken in to consideration to respect and safeguard the right of nature .The first is that people should establish lofty ethical ideology of "sustainable development" when they pursue their existence and development. The second is that human should fundamentally get ride of shadow of scientificilism, step out of misunderstanding area of human centralism. The third is, in legislative safeguard way, to change the theoretical seek to respect and safeguard the right of nature in to the entire social member s common behavioral consciousness.With times changing, people have put more and more focus on "The right of nature". The purpose this article put forward the right of nature is that hope that human acknowledge and respect the right of nature,through which to conduct and limit people’ s behavior during the course of remaking nature, maintain stability of ecology system, realize the harmony between human and nature, proceed the sustainable development among human, society and ecology system.更多还原