车载导航系统及其通用技术平台

【作者】 陈保平；

【导师】 张学庄；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 微电子技术、计算机技术、空间技术及制图技术的发展使车载导航系统获得了飞速的发展。车载导航系统是将GPS、GIS和计算机技术结合在一起的一种ITS(智能交通系统)。目前，将GPS定位技术与其他技术(如地图匹配算法)结合起来，使得车载导航系统可准确确定行驶中车辆位置。大多数车载导航系统的功能相同，利用通用技术平台可解决车载导航系统中的重复开发问题。通用技术平台的构建也是当前ITS的九个关键技术问题之一。 作者参与开发eGps车载导航系统和CCsuMap组件。CCsuMap组件是一个车载导航系统的通用技术平台。本文在上述工作的基础上对车载导航系统和车载导航系统通用技术平台进行探讨。 论文系统阐述了车载导航系统所涉及的定位技术和地理信息系统理论。在实际应用中，单点动态定位可以达到车载导航系统所需精度的一般要求。在比较栅格数据结构和矢量数据结构的基础上，作者认为应当用矢量数据结构来组织车载导航系统中的空间数据。 在车载导航系统中，数据源主要由静态数据(电子地图)和动态数据(定位数据)组成。定位准确是车载导航系统的基本要求。定位的准确度跟静态数据和动态数据的匹配程度有关。本文深入分析了影响数据质量的各种因素，给出在不同阶段提高车载导航系统中数据质量的方法，最后提出用地图匹配算法提高车载导航系统的定位准确度。 COMGIS是通用技术平台CCsuMap的理论基础。通用技术平台CCsuMap共分为三个模块：电子地图的数据引擎，GPS通讯模块和一些主要算法(如求最短路径、线状地物的注记算法)。其中，电子地图的数据引擎是核心。CCsuMap采用面向对象的方法组织通用技术平台中的电子地图数据。同时针对GPS与计算机之间的通讯，开发了专门的GPSCom通讯控件。注记是电子地图的重要内容，它的好坏直接决定着电子地图的质量。本文讨论了注记所应该采取的策略。求两点间最短路径是车载导航系统的一个重要功能。本文针对车载导航系统的具体需求，对经典的Dijkstra算法进行了改进，减少了算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度。在实现系统的时候，健壮性和可靠性是放在第一位的。为了保证系统的健壮性和可靠性，CCsuMap采用STL作为它的首选库。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of the technology of microelectronics, computer, space and mapping, VLS (Vehicle Location System) make a rapid progress. Today, by combining GPS with other technology (for example a real-time map-matching algorithm) VLS can get an exact position when the car runs along the street. Requirement of much Vehicle Location System is same .So it’s essential to build a universal platform. The building of an universal platform is one of nine key technological problem in ITS (Intelligent Transportation System).The paper is based on the eGps Vehicle Location System and the CCsuMap component that I developed as a main developer.VLS is a kind of ITS. It also is an integrated system that combines effectively GPS, GIS and Computer together.The paper systemically states the technology of position and the theory of GIS that are used in VLS. According to the practical problem, absolute position is adopted as the primary technology of position in the CCsuMap component .At the same time, compared with the raster data model, the data of map is organized by vector data model.In fact, the success of the VLS depends on the precision of position. In VLS, the data are composed of static data (electronic map) and dynamic data (position data). The paper gives some methods to better the precision of the VLS by analyzing how to get the data. At last, the paper gives a real-time map-matching algorithm to improve the precision of the system.The paper introduces the theory that is used to build a universal platform for VLS. The CCsuMap can be partitioned into three modules that are data organizing module of electronic map, communication module and algorithm module. The data-organizing module is the primary module. The map in the CCsuMap is designed by OO (Object Oriented) method that is an effective method .At the same time, the CCsuMap has a GPSCom communication control to solve the communication problem between the GPS device and the computer.Label is an important part of the electronic map .How to annotate the label directly decides the quality of the electronic map. The paper discusses the policies of annotating label. Getting the shortest way between the two positions is an important function in VLS. The paper betters the Classic Dijkstra algorithm according to the actual need in VLS. At last, the CCsuMap adopt STL (Standard Template Library) asits primary library that improve the robustness and reliability of system.更多还原